The Torres Strait Islands are a group of islands to the north of the Australian mainland, stretching nearly as far as Papua New Guinea. There are 14 inhabited islands, but only the two neighbouring islands of Thursday Island and Horn Island have developed visitor facilities. These two islands are the most visited and have regular scheduled air and ferry connections. The other islands are left to the more intrepid voyager or those with business with the indigenous communities. To visit as a tourist, plan ahead, including gaining permission from the island Chairman. Scheduled light aircraft, helicopters, water taxis, barges, and private boats allow access to all inhabited islands or even the possibility of spending a day or night on an entirely uninhabited island.

Many of these islands are however remote – some so remote that they are closer to Papua New Guinea than any other part of Australia, and some are about as far away as 170 km (110 mi) from the mainland. These islands are the only place in internationally recognised Australia where it is possible to see another sovereign country.

Islands and island regions

False colour bathymetric map of the Torres Strait region

Inner islands

• Thursday Island is the main population and administrative centre.
• Horn Island host the primary airport a 10 minute ferry ride from Thursday Island.

Other inhabited islands in this group, are Prince of Wales, Friday Island, Goodes Island and Hammond Island. Possession Island is an uninhabited National Park in this group. These islands are a ferry/water taxi away from Thursday Island, or even Seisia on the mainland.

Outer islands

These islands are less visited, due to their being even more remote than the Inner Islands. Some require permits.

• Western islands - Saibai, Duaun and Boigu
• Central islands - Badu, Moa, Mabuiag and Yam
• Eastern islands - Warraber, Coconut, Yorke, Stephen, Darnley and Murray

Understand

History

The Torres Strait Islanders were the first Indigenous Australians to gain legal recognition of their ownership of the land. Traditionally they were fierce headhunters until the arrival of the missionaries (celebrated yearly throughout the Islands on July 1st as "The Coming of the Light".) Islanders are often very generous and keen to share their culture.

Residents of most of the islands are still Indigenous Australians (with the ratio of around 6 to 1). Non-indigenous residents are primarily on Horn and Thursday islands, and are often temporary, employed in education and health, policing and military, or hospitality.

Torres Strait Islander peoples have a distinct culture, history and lands and do not identify as Aboriginal. In fact, they are more ethnically Melanesian than their southern neighbours, although they were subject to the same kinds of discrimination under British colonialism. Unlike their southern neighbours though, their languages are still spoken today.

Geography

Thursday Island is the main administrative centre, with a population of around 4000 people on an island only 3.5 km². It has a permanently manned military barracks. Neighbouring Horn Island has the main airport, with air links to Cairns and light aircraft links to several other inhabited islands. It has a smaller population of around 600, but a much larger land mass of 60 km². Most residents of Horn commute to Thursday for work and education, and there is a regular ferry service between the two.

• Torres Strait Tourism office, 68 Douglas Street, Thursday Island, ☏ +61 7 4069 1336, fax: +61 7 4069 1845, admin@torres.qld.gov.au. maps and advice. 

Talk

On Horn and Thursday Island, English is universally spoken, with Torres Strait Creole considered the local language of the indigenous residents. You can find translations available in local shops, or online. It is in many respects similar to Tok Pisin spoken in Papua New Guinea

There are two main indigenous languages in the islands: Meriam Mir in the Eastern islands, and Kala Lagaw Ya in the rest. Most people on the other islands also speak English, although with a great deal of local slang included.

Learning a few words of Torres Strait Creole may make you quite popular with the locals. Wikivoyage also has a Torres Strait Creole phrasebook.

• Thank you = Esso
• Food = kaikai
• Goodbye = Yawo

Get in

By plane

Qantaslink has daily flights from Cairns to Horn Island. The two ferry companies that transfer to TI both meet every Cairns flight arrival, with transfers to the wharf, and connecting services to TI. From TI you can arrange a boat to some other islands. For some you'll need to get permission from the land council before you travel. The ferry costs $9 for the McDonalds ferry $10 for the Rebel ferry. The bus transfer to the airport costs more than the ferry, around $12-$13 each way.

By ferry

Peddell's Ferries provides twice daily passenger transport by boat to Thursday Island from Seisia, on the mainland at Cape York. The services operate 3 days a week during the wet, and six days a week in the dry season. Check their website for up-to-date timetables and fares. Tickets can be booked online. Seisia itself is usually completely isolated by road during the wet season.

By boat

Sea Swift operate two freighters to many of the Torres Strait islands from Cairns and down the Cape as far as Weipa. The freighters carry up to eight passengers.

Those intent on a road trip can get a barge from Seisia on Cape York.

You can also get in from Papua New Guinea if you have your own boat. If you do so, you will need to check in with the department of immigration once you land.

By car

Your car can be taken all the way up to Cape York on the mainland, but after that, you'll need to find some other way of getting to those islands. Note that while on a Mercador map the Torres Strait Islands might seem very close to Cairns, it's about 1100km from Cairns, which is greater than the distance between Barcelona and Zurich, or on an Australian perspective, Sydney and Brisbane.

Do mind that most of these roads aren't paved, and most of them are closed during the wet season. Going in dry season is the best time to take your car.

Get around

By plane

West Wing has scheduled flights to Murray Island, Darnley Island, Yorke Island, Boigu Island, Saibai Island, Badu Island, Kubin Village, Warraber Island, Coconut Island, Yam Island, and Mabuiag Island. These flights work around the Qantaslink flights out to Cairns.

If you have 4 or more people travelling, compare the price of a charter before booking the scheduled service.

By helicopter

The islands without airstrips usually still have helicopter landing pads. GBR helicopters operate charters from Horn Island, and between islands.

By ferry

Scheduled ferries only between Horn and Thursday Island. These ferries also have bus connections to all points on both islands.

By water taxi

Water taxis are the easiest way to travel from Thursday Island to the neighbouring Inner Islands. Hammond, Prince of Wales, and Friday Island. You can also visit the unpopulated Possession Island and Wednesday Island.

• Wis Wei Water Taxi. 

See

You can see WWII history on both Thursday and Horn Islands, with old military installations dating back to the early 20th century. The Green Hill fort on Thursday Island has a museum in the old tunnels. Horn Island has a private museum of documented history and relics maintained by a local enthusiast.

You can see cemetery on Thursday Island, including the graves of the pearlers buried down the bottom of the hill, with the island aristocracy at the top.

Friday island has a pearl farm, and has a sushi restaurant and a shop.

• 1 Kazu Pearl (Water Taxi from TI). $90 including transfer from TI, or $65 if you have your own boat. 
• Goods Island

Possession Island National Park

Captain Cook raises the Union Flag on Possession Island, 22 August 1770

This island is locally known as Bedanug and Bedhan Lag. In 2001 the Kaurareg people successfully claimed native title rights over the island, and other nearby islands.

Here Captain Cook claimed possession of the entire east coast he had explored for Britain, on 22 August 1770. Endeavour had reached the northernmost tip of the coast and, without disembarking, Cook named the last seen mainland Cape York. Leaving the Australian east coast, the battered ship turned west and nursed his way through the dangerously shallow waters of Torres Strait. Searching for a vantage point, Cook saw a steep hill on a nearby island, from the top of which he hoped to see "a passage into the Indian Seas". He disembarked, named the island "Possession Island", and claimed the entire coastline that he had just explored as British territory.

In his journal, he wrote: "I now once more hoisted English Coulers and in the Name of His Majesty King George the Third took possession of the whole Eastern Coast...by the name New South Wales, together with all the Bays, Harbours Rivers and Islands situate upon the said coast".

Today, it's the centre of a National Park, an area of 5.10 km2 (1.97 sq mi), established as a Protected Area in 1977, and managed by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service.

Do

The fishing is absolutely amazing in the crystal clear waters of the Torres Strait. Although quarantine regulations control what can be taken back to mainland Australia, freshly caught fish in ice boxes are permitted.

Snorkelling on the reefs is pretty good too, but caution is required as some reefs house sharks and crocodiles.

• Peddell's Thursday Island Tours, Thursday Island/Waibene, ☏ +61 7 40 691 551. Peddell's Ferries provide package tours of Thursday Island/Horn Island combined with return ferry from Seisia, Cape York. Tours include the Green Hill Fort and Horn Island WW2 Museum 
• Walking, Thursday Island/Waibene. There are numerous tracks around Thursday Island that are accessible to the public, and don't take very long. You can walk up to the radio tower/wind turbine for great views of the surrounding islands, and a good sunset. You can walk around the island to Sadies beach, along the road or along an elevated track that starts in the main town. Along this track you can see numerous plants, ant hills, birds, and remains of old war lookouts. Going the other way out of the main township, you can walk to Quarantine Wharf (not well marked on maps so you may have to backtrack once there). There is also a patch of rain forest near Green Hill Fort, both which are nice to walk to. 

Eat

General stores are found on all the inhabited Islands, and there are also several restaurants on Thursday island, mainly along Douglas Street. Try "Island Rooster" for nice roast chicken. Behind one of the pubs you can purchase superb "kilogram burgers".

Most of the food available to other Torres Strait islanders is seafood. On Prince of Wales island feral deer can be hunted. If you have made friends with the islanders, you may be invited to join in feasts which include traditional foods such as turtle and dugong. Although it is considered rude to refuse an invitation in Torres Strait Culture, be aware that dugongs are an endangered species. It is illegal to hunt these animals if you are not an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. Turtles are also protected and may not be hunted.

Buy

Amazing linocut artworks. Although based on traditional carving methods, this style of art is actually a relatively recent invention. Can be purchased from the Gab Titui culture centre. Cheap pearls. Pearls are farmed on Friday Island, so be sure to take advantage of the low cost, high quality pearls. In Saranealis House (its the big pink building on Douglas street, Thursday Island). They cost about a third of what you would find in Cairns and around a quarter of what you would expect in other major Australian cities.

Sleep

Developed accommodation is available on Thursday Island and Horn Island, and at Seisia on the mainland.

Stay healthy

Dengue fever occasionally occurs, but shouldn't be much of a problem (there has only been one death in Australia due to dengue in the last 50 years). Just make sure you use insect repellent. Malaria rarely occurs on the islands closest to PNG. Be aware of the tropical climate. It can get very hot and muggy so wear loose clothing and drink lots of water.

Thursday Island has a 32 bed modern hospital, including 24-hour emergency facilities and operating theatre. There are some medical supplies held on the other islands. For serious medical conditions transfer to Thursday Island, or the further 4 hour transfer to Cairns may be required.

Respect

Make sure you are very respectful of Islander culture by not going to ceremonies without invitation. Also be aware that the indigenous people here do not identify as "Aboriginal"; just stick to the term "Torres Strait Islander" instead as they are more ethnically Melanesian than Aboriginal. If you are unsure, then just say "indigenous".

Stay safe

Do not go out alone on Friday night. Late on a Friday night you will encounter intoxicated locals. They are usually very friendly, but always exercise caution - plan your return journey home ahead. Most pubs are within walking distance to accommodation but to be absolutely safe, get a cab unless you are walking with a group — including locals if possible.

If you wish to go swimming make sure you go with locals who know where they're going. While snorkelling on the reefs is beautiful, some have resident sharks and/or crocodiles. The locals know which reefs to avoid. Also beware of strong tides and currents.

Go next

The easiest way to leave is by plane from Horn Island to Cairns domestic airport. There are some restrictions on what items you can take due to Australia's Quarantine laws.

Peddell's Ferries provides passenger transport by boat from Thursday Island to Seisia, Cape York. Check their website for up-to-date timetables and fares. Tickets can be booked online. Again, Australian Quarantine laws apply.