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Punjabi/Panjabi (Pakistan: پنجابی; India: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) is the language of the Punjab/Panjab regions of Pakistan and India. In India, it is written predominantly in the native Gurmukhi alphabet. In Pakistan, it is written in a slightly modified version of the Urdu alphabet called Shahmukhi.
Alphabet[edit]
Gurmukhi[edit]
Gurmukhi is an Indic script predominantly used in present-day Punjab, India
ਵਿਅੰਜਨ (Vi'anjan) Consonants[edit]
The Gurmukhi script is also called “Painti” (ਪੈਂਤੀ) because historically, it had a total of 35 letters. (In Panjabi, the number 35 is called “painti”). These 35 base letters are divided into seven rows and each row has five characters. 6 additional letters that are used to differentiate borrowed words from other languages. The first three letters of the script, ੳ, ਅ and ੲ, are vowel letters. Only ਅ (“a”) can be used alone in a word without any vowel accents. The other two vowel letters, ੳ (“u”) and ੲ (“e”), must always be used with a vowel accent. The original 35
| ੳ | ਓੂੜਾ ūṛā | 'o' as in room | ਅ | ਐੜਾ æṛa | 'a' as in hat | ੲ | ਈੜੀ iṛi | 'e' as in energy | ਸ | ਸੱਸਾ səsa | 's' as in same | ਹ | ਹਾਹਾ haa'haa | 'h' as in home |
| ਕ | ਕੱਕਾ kəka | 'k' as in Kate | ਖ | ਖੱਖਾ kha'khaa | 'kh' as in khaki | ਗ | ਗੱਗਾ gəga | 'g' as in God | ਘ | ਘੱਘਾ kəga | 'gh' as in ghost | ਙ | ਙੰਙਾ ngənga | 'ng' as in England |
| ਚ | ਚੱਚਾ chəcha | 'ch' as in change | ਛ | ਛੱਛਾ chha'chhaa | 'ch' as in cheddarmore | ਜ | ਜੱਜਾ jəja | 'j' as in Japan | ਝ | ਝੱਝਾ jha'jhaa | No English equivalent. Start with J and end immediately with H | ਞ | ਞੰਞਾ neiia | antiquated (not commonly used anymore) |
| ਟ | ਟੈਂਕਾ ṭenka | 't' as in Tom | ਠ | ਠੱਠਾ tha'thaa | harder 'th' as in river Thames | ਡ | ਡੱਡਾ ḍəḍa | 'd' as in daddy | ਢ | ਢੱਢਾ ṭə'ḍa | hard double 'dd', harder "dd" than sudder | ਣ | ਣਾਣਾ ṇa'ṇa | Pronounced like English 'n' with tip of tongue upwards touching palette of mouth |
| ਤ | ਤੱਤਾ təta | softer unaspirated 't' as in Tim | ਥ | ਥੱਥਾ tha'thaa | 'th' as in Thailand | ਦ | ਦੱਦਾ dəda | softer 'th' as in then | ਧ | ਧੱਧਾ dha'dha | stressed 'th' seventh | ਨ | ਨੱਨਾ nəna | n' as in name |
| ਪ | ਪੱਪਾ pəpa | 'p' as in papa | ਫ | ਫੱਫਾ pha'phaa | 'ph' as in philosopher | ਬ | ਬੱਬਾ bəba | 'b' as in baby | ਭ | ਭੱਭਾ bhabha | No English equivalent, more like 'bha' combined together | ਮ | ਮੱਮਾ məma | 'm' as in mother |
| ਯ | ਯੱਯਾ yaiya | 'y' as in yellow | ਰ | ਰਾਰਾ rara | 'r' as in run | ਲ | ਲੱਲਾ ləla | 'l' as in lake | ਵ | ਵੱਵਾ vava | 'v' as in Victor | ੜ | ੜਾੜਾ ṛaṛa | 'rr' hard double r |
Additional 6 new letters used for borrowed words from Persian and other foreign languages: They are created by placing a dot ਬਿੰਦੀ (bindī) at the foot of the consonant. These dot symbol at the bottom of the consonants represent borrowed sound of foreign words.
| ਸ਼ | ਸੱਸਾ ਪੈਰੀਂ ਬਿੰਦੀ Sassa paer bindi | 'Sh' as in shade | ਖ਼ | ਖੱਖਾ ਪੈਰੀਂ ਬਿੰਦੀ Khakha paer bindi | 'Kh' as in khaki | ਗ਼ | ਗੱਗਾ ਪੈਰੀਂ ਬਿੰਦੀ Ghagga paer bindi | 'Gh' as in ghoul | ਜ਼ | ਜੱਜਾ ਪੈਰੀਂ ਬਿੰਦੀ Jajja paer bindi | 'Z' as in zebra | ਫ਼ | ਫੱਫਾ ਪੈਰੀਂ ਬਿੰਦੀ Phapha paer bindi | 'ph' as in philosopher | ਲ਼ | ਲੱਲਾ ਪੈਰੀਂ ਬਿੰਦੀ Lalla paer bindi | 'l' as in land |
ਲਗਾਂ ਮਾਤਰਾ (lagān mātarā) Vowels[edit]
There are 10 vowels in Gurmukhi script. Independent vowels are constructed using three bearer characters: ūṛā (ੳ), aiṛā (ਅ) and īṛī (ੲ). With the exception of aiṛā (which represents the vowel [ə]), the bearer consonants are never used without additional vowel signs.
| Gurmukhi vowels | Name | IPA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ind. | Dep. | Example with /k/ | Letter | Unicode | ||
| ਅ | (none) | ਕ | Muktā ਮੁਕਤਾ | a | (IPA: [ə]) | like 'a' in about |
| ਆ | ਾ | ਕਾ | Kannā ਕੰਨਾ | ā | (IPA: [ɑ]) | like 'a' in car |
| ਇ | ਿ | ਕਿ | Sihā̀rī ਸਿਹਾਰੀ | I | (IPA: [ɪ]) | like 'i' in sit |
| ਈ | ੀ | ਕੀ | Bihā̀rī ਬਿਹਾਰੀ | ī (ee) | (IPA: [i]) | like 'i in elite |
| ਉ | ੁ | ਕੁ | auṅkarṛ ਔਂਕੜ | u | (IPA: [ʊ]) | like 'u' in put |
| ਊ | ੂ | ਕੂ | Dulaiṅkaṛ ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ | ū (oo) | (IPA: [u]) | like 'u' in spruce |
| ਏ | ੇ | ਕੇ | Lāvā̃ ਲਾਵਾਂ | ai | (IPA: [e]) | like 'e' in Mail |
| ਐ | ੈ | ਕੈ | Dulāvā̃ ਦੁਲਾਵਾਂ | ē | (IPA: [ɛː]~[əɪ]) | like 'a' in app |
| ਓ | ੋ | ਕੋ | Hoṛā ਹੋੜਾ | o | (IPA: [o]) | like 'o' in more |
| ਔ | ੌ | ਕੌ | Kanauṛā ਕਨੌੜਾ | au | (IPA: [ɔ]) | like 'o' in off |
Shahmukhi[edit]
Western Punjabi is based on the Shahmukhi script. Shahmukhi uses the alphabets of the Perso-Arabic Urdu script with some extra characters added. Here are the 36 letters of Shahmukhi. Each has a name that is given below the alphabet with the equivalent English sound of the alphabet in (parenthesis).
For pronunciation and use of an individual alphabet, click on the specific alphabet in the table below. Remember that Punjabi in Pakistan is a right-to-left language so you have to start reading from right, right!
| Table 1: Shahmukhi alphabets with their name below and English equivalent in (parenthesis). | ||||||||
| آ ا | ب | پ | ت | ٹ | ث | ج | چ | ح |
| Alif (a) | Bay (b) | Pay (p) | tey (t) | Tey (T) | sey (s) | Jiim (j) | chey (ch) | Hey (H) |
| خ | د | ڈ | ذ | ر | ڑ | ز | ژ | س |
| Khey (Kh) | daal (d) | Daal (D) | zaal (z) | rey (r) | Rey (R) | zey (z) | zhey (zh) | siin (s) |
| ش | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | ق |
| shiin (sh) | Suad (S) | Zuad (Z) | toy (t) | zoy (z) | ain (a) | Ghain (Gh) | fey (f) | qaaf (q) |
| ک | گ | ل | م | ن | و | ہ | ی | ے |
| kaaf (k) | gaaf (g) | laam (l) | miim (m) | noon (n) | wao (w,v) | hey (h) | yei (y) | Yei (Y) |
| Latin script | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gurmukhi (Indian) Punjabi script | ੦ | ੧ | ੨ | ੩ | ੪ | ੫ | ੬ | ੭ | ੮ | ੯ |
| Shahmukhi script | ۰ | ۱ | ۲ | ۳ | ۴ | ۵ | ۶ | ۷ | ۸ | ۹ |
Pronunciation guide[edit]
Vowels[edit]
Consonants[edit]
Common diphthongs[edit]
Phrase list[edit]
- There are many dialects of Punjabi throughout India and Pakistan, and these phrases may differ from area to area, but here are the phrases in standard Punjabi:
|
Common signs
|
Basics[edit]
Note: Typically, religious salutations are used as there are no specific greetings that are shared among Muslim, Hindu and Sikh Punjabi-speakers.
| Hindu | Muslim | Sikh | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Good morning | Namaste | Asalamwalaykum | Sat Sri Akaal ji ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ ਜੀ |
| Good afternoon | Namaste | Asalamwalaykum | Sat Sri Akaal ji ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ ਜੀ |
| Good evening | Namaste | Asalamwalaykum | Sat Sri Akaal ji ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ ਜੀ |
| Good night | Namaste | Salaam | Sat Sri Akaal ji ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ ਜੀ |
| Goodbye | Namaste | Salaam | Sat Sri Akaal ji ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ ਜੀ |
| Hello | Namaste | Salaam | Sat Sri Akaal ji ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ ਜੀ |
- Sikh
- if they are baptized ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ ਜੀ ਕਾ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ ਜੀ ਦੀ ਫਤਹਿ ( Waheguru Jee Ka Khalsa Waheguru Jee Ki Fateh) is used.
- Muslim
- Asalaam-walaykum is replied by Walaykum-salaam
| English | Gurmukhi | Panjabi-phonetics' | Shahmukhi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hello (informal) | ਹੈਲੋ | hello | |
| See you later | ਫੇਰ ਮਿਲਦੇ ਆ | fer milde a | ... |
| How are you? (formal) | ਤੁਸੀ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਹੋ? | Tusī kivēṁ hō? | ... |
| How are you? (informal) | ਕਿੱਦਾਂ | Kidahn | ... |
| thank you | ਧੰਨਵਾਦ | Tanvad | ... |
| You're welcome | ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਸਵਾਗਤ ਹੈ | tuhada swagat hai | ... |
| OK/fine | ਠੀਕ | Theek | ... |
| What is your name? | ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਨਾ ਕੀ ਹੈਗਾ? | Thouda na ki hai-ga? | ... |
| My name is ___. | ਮੇਰਾ ਨਾ ______ ਹੈ। | merra na _____ hai.. | ... |
| Nice to meet you | ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਮਿਲਕੇ ਚੰਗਾ ਲਗਿਆ। | Tuhānū milakē changā lagi'ā | ... |
| Please | ਕ੍ਰਿਪਾ ਕਰ ਕੇ | kirpa karke | ... |
| Yes | ਹਾਂਜੀ | hanjee | ... |
| No/not | ਨਹੀਂ | nahee | ... |
| Do you speak English? | ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲਣਾ ਜਾਣਦੇ ਹੋ? | Kī tusīn agarēzī bōlaṇā jāṇdē hō? | ... |
| Is there someone here who speaks English? | ਕੀ ਇੱਥੇ ਕੋਈ ਅਜਿਹਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲਣਾ ਜਾਣਦਾ ਹੈ? | Kī ithē kō'ī ajihā hai jō agarēzī bōlaṇā jāṇda hai? | ... |
| I don't speak Panjabi. | ਮੈਂਨੂ 'ਪੰਜਾਬੀ' ਬੋਲਨੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਆਂਦੀ। | Mainnū'panjābī' bōlanī nahī āndī | ... |
| I can't speak Panjabi well | ਮੈਂਨੂ 'ਪੰਜਾਬੀ' ਚੰਗੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਬੋਲਨੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਆਂਦੀ। | Mainnū'panjābī' changī tarān bōlanī nahī āndī | ... |
| I speak some/a little Panjabi | ਮੈਂ ਥੋੜੀ ਜਿਹੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹਾਂ। | Main thōṛī jihī panjābī bōladā hān | ... |
| I don't understand. | ਮੈਨੂੰ ਸਮਝ ਨਹੀਂ ਆਂਦੀ। | Mainū samaj nahī āndī | ... |
| Speak more slowly | ਹੋਰ ਹੌਲੀ-ਹੌਲੀ ਬੋਲੋ | Hōr haulī-haulī bōlō | ... |
| again? | ਮੁੜ ਕੇ? | Murr ke? | ... |
| What does "..." mean? | "..." ਦਾ ਮਤਲਬ ਕੀ ਹੈ? | "..." Dā matalab kī hai? | "..." |
| How do you say "..."? | ਤੁਸੀਂ "..." ਕਿਵੇਂ ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਹੋ? | Tusīn"..." Kivē kahidē hō? | ... |
| Where are you from? | ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਿੱਥੋਂ ਦੇ ਹੋ? | Tusīn kithōn dē hō? | ... |
| I'm from ... | ਮੈਂ ... ਤੋਂ ਹਾਂ | Maim ... tōn hā | ... |
| You're welcome | ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਸਵਾਗਤ ਹੈ | Tuhāḍā swah-guht hay | ... |
| Doesn't matter/No Matter/No worries | ਕੋਈ ਗਲ ਨਹੀਂ। | koi gal nahi | ... |
| Excuse me (getting someone's attention) | ਗੱਲ ਸੁਣੋ | gaal suṇō | ... |
| Pardon me/I'm sorry | ਮਾਫ਼ ਕਰਨਾ। | māaf karanā | ... |
| Where is the toilet? | ਬਾਥਰੂਮ / ਟਾਇਲਟ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹੈ? | bathroom/toilet kithay way? | ... |
| Good, really? nice, etc. | ਚੰਗਾ! ਸੱਚਮੁੱਚ? ਵਧੀਆ | Changā! Sachamuch?, Vadhī'ā | ... |
| What is the problem? | ਸਮੱਸਿਆ ਕੀ ਹੈ? | Samasi'ā kī hai? | ... |
| Help! | ਮਦਦ ਕਰੋ! | madat karo! | ... |
| Look ahead! | ਅੱਗੇ ਵੇਖੋ! | Agēy vēkhō! | ... |
Numerals/Numbers ਗਿਣਤੀ (Giṇtī)[edit]
Panjabi has its own set of digits, which function exactly as in other versions of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. These are used extensively in older texts. In modern contexts, they are sometimes replaced by standard Western Arabic numerals. (Gurmukhi numbers are in parentheses)
| Numeral | Cardinal | Ordinal | ----- | Numeral | Cardinal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (੦) | ਸਿਫ਼ਰ (Sifar) | - | 30 (੩੦) | ਤੀਹ (tīh) | ||
| 1 (੧) | ਇੱਕ (ekk) | ਪਹਲਾ (peahlā) | 40 (੪੦) | ਚਾਲੀ (chālī) | ||
| 2 (੨) | ਦੋ (do) | ਦੂਜਾ (Dūjjā) | 50 (੫੦) | ਪੰਜਾਹ (panjāh) | ||
| 3 (੩) | ਤਿੱਨ (tinn) | ਤੀਜਾ (Tījā) | 60 (੬੦) | ਸੱਠ (saṭhṭh) | ||
| 4 (੪) | ਚਾਰ (chār) | ਚੌਥਾ (cauthā) | 70 (੭੦) | ਸੱਤਰ (sattar) | ||
| 5 (੫) | ਪੰਜ (punj) | ਪੰਜਵਾਂ (pajvān) | 80 (੮੦) | ਅੱਸੀ (assī) | ||
| 6 (੬) | ਛੇ (che) | ਛੇਵਾਂ (chēvān) | 90 (੯੦) | ਨੱਬੇ (nabbe) | ||
| 7 (੭) | ਸੱਤ (satt) | ਸੱਤਵਾਂ (satvān) | 100 (੧੦੦) | ਸੌ (sau) | ||
| 8 (੮) | ਅੱਠ (aṭh) | ਅੱਠਵਾਂ (aṭhvān) | 200 | ਦੋ ਸੌ (Dō sau) | ||
| 9 (੯) | ਨੌੰ (nau) | ਨੌਂਵਾਂ (nauvān) | 300 | ਤਿੰਨ ਸੌ (Tina sau) | ||
| 10 (੧੦) | ਦੱਸ (das) | ਦਸਵਾਂ (dasvān) | 1000 | ਇੱਕ ਹਜ਼ਾਰ (Ik hazār) | ||
| 11 (੧੧) | ਗਿਆਰਾਂ (giārān) | ਗਆਿਰਵਾਂ (giā̔rvāṁ) | 2000 | ਦੋ ਹਜ਼ਾਰ (Dō hazār) | ||
| 12 (੧੨) | ਬਾਰਾਂ (bārān) | ਬਾਰਵਾਂ (bārvān) | 10,000 | ਦਸ ਹਜ਼ਾਰ (Das hazār) | ||
| 13 (੧੩) | ਤੇਰਾਂ (tērān) | ਤੇਰ੍ਹਵਾਂ (tērhvān) | 1,00,000 | ਇੱਕ ਲੱਖ (Ik Lakh) | ||
| 14 (੧੪) | ਚੌਦਾਂ (chaudān) | ਚੌਦਵਾਂ (chaudvān) | 10,00,000 | ਦਸ ਲੱਖ (Dus Lakh) | ||
| 15 (੧੫) | ਪੰਦਰਾਂ (pandrān) | ਪੰਦਰਵਾਂ (pandarvān) | 1,00,00,000 | ਇੱਕ ਕਰੋੜ (Ik karor) | ||
| 16 (੧੬) | ਸੋਲ਼ਾਂ (sōḷān) | ਸੋਲ਼ਵਾਂ (sōḻvān) | 10,00,00,000 | ਦਸ ਕਰੋੜ (das karor) | ||
| 17 (੧੭) | ਸਤਾਰਾਂ (satārān) | ਸਤਾਰਵਾਂ (satārvān) | 1,00,00,00,000 | ਇੱਕ ਅਰਬ (Ik arab), one billion in USA | ||
| 18 (੧੮) | ਅਠਾਰਾਂ (aṭhārān) | ਅਠਾਰਵਾਂ (aṭhārvān) | 10,00,00,00,000 | ਦਸ ਅਰਬ (das arab) | ||
| 19 (੧੯) | ਉਨੀ (unnī) | ਉਨੀਵਾਂ (unīvān) | 1,00,00,00,00,000 | ਇੱਕ ਖਰਬ (Ik kharab) | ||
| 20 (੨੦) | ਵੀਹ (vīh) | ਵੀਹਵਾਂ (vīhvāhn) | 10,00,00,00,00,000 | ਦਸ ਖਰਬ (Dus kharab), one trillion in USA |
- number _____ (train, bus, etc.)
- (ਰੇਲ, ਬੱਸ, ) ਨੰਬਰ _____ (rēl, bas,)numbar _____
- half
- ਅੱਧਾ (Adhā)
- less
- ਘੱਟ (Ghaṭ)
- more
- ਹੋਰ (Hōr)
Date and Time (Mitī atē samān ਮਿਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਸਮਾਂ)[edit]
Date is called "mitee" ਮਿਤੀ and is written in the 00-MM-YYYY and 00/MMNYYY format. Time is also called waqt / vela / sama (ਵਕਤ / ਵੇਲਾ / ਸਮਾਂ) in the Panjabi language and is usually denoted by seconds, minutes, and hours. The 12-hour notation is widely used in daily life, written communication, and is used in spoken language. The 24-hour notation is used in rare situations where there would be widespread ambiguity. Examples include railway timetables, plane departure and landing timings. A colon is used to separate hours, minutes and seconds (for example 10:00:15).
| English | Gurmukhi | Transliteration | Shahmukhi |
|---|---|---|---|
| now | ਹੁਣ | Huṇ | ... |
| later | ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ | Bā'ad vich | ... |
| before | ਪਹਿਲਾਂ | Pahilān | ... |
| morning | ਸਵੇਰ | Svēr | ... |
| afternoon | ਦੁਪਹਿਰ | Dupahēr | ... |
| evening | ਸ਼ਾਮ | shām | ... |
| night | ਰਾਤ | rāt | ... |
| Any day in the future | ਅੱਜ ਭਲਕ | Ajj bhalk | ... |
What time is it?[edit]
What time is it? can be asked in few ways. ਕਿੰਨੇ ਵਜੇ? (Kinē vaje), ਕੀ ਸਮਾ (ਵਖਤ) ਹੋਇਆ? (ki sama(waqt) hoya?), ਸਮਾਂ ਕੀ ਆ? (Samā ki ha)
| Clock time | Gurmukhi | Transliteration | Shahmukhi |
|---|---|---|---|
| morning | ਸਵੇਰ | sver | ... |
| one o'clock (when AM/PM is obvious) | ਇੱਕ ਵਜੇ | ik vje | ... |
| two o'clock (when AM/PM is obvious) | ਦੋ ਵਜੇ | do vje | ... |
| one o'clock AM | ਸਵੇਰ ਦੇ ਇੱਕ ਵਜੇ ਹਨ | sver de ik vje han | ... |
| two o'clock AM | ਸਵੇਰ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਵਜੇ ਹਨ | sver de do vje han | ... |
| noon / mid-day 12:00 PM | ਦੁਪਹਿਰ | dopehar | ... |
| one o'clock PM | ਦੁਪਹਿਰ ਦੇ ਇੱਕ ਵਜੇ ਹਨ | dopehar de ik vje han | ... |
| two o'clock PM | ਦੁਪਹਿਰ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਵਜੇ ਹਨ | dopehar de do vje han | ... |
| evening | ਸ਼ਾਮ | sham | ... |
| four o'clock PM | ਸ਼ਾਮ ਦੇ ਚਾਰ ਵਜੇ ਹਨ | sham de char vaje han | ... |
| 9 PM | ਰਾਤ ਦੇ ਨੌੰ ਵਜੇ ਹਨ | raat de nau vaje han | ... |
| night | ਰਾਤ | rāt | ... |
| midnight 12:00 AM | ਅੱਧੀ ਰਾਤ | ādhī rāt | ... |
Vernacular Panjabi uses some specific words which are widely used in the countryside, many folks in the cities either don't know it or don't use it.
- early morning (4-6am)
- ਸਾਝਰੇ or ਤੜਕੇ (Sajhre / tadke)
- around 5pm
- ਲੌਢੇ ਵੇਲਾ (Laudhe Vela)
- Evening
- ਤਕਾਲਾਂ (takalan)
- late
- ਕੁਵੇਲਾ (Kuvela)
Duration (miaad ਮਿਆਦ )[edit]
Duration of time in Panjabi.
| Gurmukhi | Transliteration | Shahmukhi | |
|---|---|---|---|
| second | ਸਕਿੰਟ | sakint | ... |
| minute | ਮਿੰਟ | minṭ | ... |
| hour | ਘੰਟਾ (singular), ਘੰਟੇ (plural) | ghanṭa (singular), Ghanṭē (plural) | ... |
| day | ਦਿਨ | din | ... |
| week | ਹਫਤਾ (singular), ਹਫ਼ਤੇ (plural) | hafta (singular), Hafatē (plural) | ... |
| month | ਮਹਿਨਾ (singular) ਮਹੀਨੇ (plural) | maheena (singular) Mahīnē (plural) | ... |
| year | ਸਾਲ | sāal | ... |
| century | ਸਦੀ | Sadī | ... |
- _____ second(s)
- _____ ਸਕਿੰਟ (_____ sakint)
- _____ minute(s)
- _____ ਮਿੰਟ(_____ mint)
- _____ hour(s)
- _____ ਘੰਟਾ (ghunta (singular), _____ਘੰਟੇ (Ghanṭē (plural)
- _____ day(s)
- _____ ਦਿਨ (_____ din)
- _____ week(s)
- _____ ਹਫਤਾ (_____ hafta (singular), _____ਹਫ਼ਤੇ (Hafatē (plural)
- _____ month(s)
- _____ ਮਹਿਨਾ (maheena (singular) _____ਮਹੀਨੇ (Mahīnē (plural)
- _____ year(s)
- _____ ਸਾਲ (_____ saal)
Days ਦਿਨ[edit]
| Gurmukhi | Transliteration | Shahmukhi | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sunday | ਐਤਵਾਰर | aitwar | ... |
| Monday | ਸੋਮਵਾਰ | somwar | ... |
| Tuesday | ਮੰਗਲਵਾਰ | mangalwar | ... |
| Wednesday | ਬੁੱਧਵਾਰ | budhwar | ... |
| Thursday | ਵੀਰਵਾਰ | veerwar | ... |
| Friday | ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਵਾਰ | shukarwar | ... |
| Saturday | ਸਨਿੱਚਰਵਾਰ | sanicherwar | ... |
Depending on context/tense these words are understood by native speaker.
- Yesterday / tomorrow
- both have same word ਕੱਲ੍ਹ (Kal'h), the meaning is understood in the sentence.
- Day after tomorrow / day before yesterday
- both have same word ਪਰਸੋਂ (Parsōṅ) the meaning is understood in the sentence.
| Gurmukhi | Transliteration | Shahmukhi | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Today | ਅੱਜ | ājj | ... |
| Yesterday/Tomorrow (depends on context/tense) | ਕੱਲ੍ਹ | Kal'h | ... |
| Day after tomorrow/day before yesterday | ਪਰਸੋਂ | Parsōṅ | ... |
| Week | ਹਫਤਾ (singular), ਹਫ਼ਤੇ (plural) | hafta (singular), Hafatē (plural) | ... |
| one week | ਇੱਕ ਹਫ਼ਤਾ | Ik hafta | ... |
| This week | ਇਸ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ | iss hafte | ... |
| Last week | ਪਿਛਲੇ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ | pichle hafte | ... |
| Next week | ਅਗਲੇ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ | agle hafte | ... |
| Two weeks | ਦੋ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ | do hafte | ... |
| Month | ਮਹਿਨਾ (singular) ਮਹੀਨੇ (plural) | maheena (singular) Mahīnē (plural) | ... |
Months ਮਹੀਨੇ / ਮਾਹ (Mahīnē / Maah)[edit]
|
The following are the months of the Vernacular calendar. The vernacular calendar is in the lunar system. Its a very important part of Panjab. About 13th April is the new year in Panjabi calendar.
|
The Western (Gregorian) calendar is used for day to day and business affairs.
| English | Gurmukhi | Transliteration | Shahmukhi |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | ਜਨਵਰੀ | janvarī | ... |
| February | ਫਰਵਰੀ | farvarī | ... |
| March | ਮਾਰਚ | mārch | ... |
| April | ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ | aprail | ... |
| May | ਮਈ | maī | ... |
| June | ਜੂਨ | jūn | ... |
| July | ਜੁਲਾਈ | julāī | ... |
| August | ਅਗਸਤ | agast | ... |
| September | ਸਤੰਬਰ | sitambar | ... |
| October | ਅਕਤੂਬਰ | aktūbar | ... |
| November | ਨਵੰਬਰ | navambar | ... |
| December | ਦਿਸੰਬਰ | disambar | ... |
Colors[edit]
- Red
- (laal)
- Orange
- (sangtri)
- Yellow
- (peela)
- Green
- (hara)
- Blue
- (neela)
- Purple
- (jamni)
- Brown
- (bhura)
- Black
- (kala)
- White
- (chitta)
- Pink
- (gulabi)
Transportation[edit]
Bus and train[edit]
- How much is a ticket to _____?
- (_____ vaste ticket kinne dee hai?)
- One ticket to _____, please.
- (_____ vaste ikk ticket de deo please)
- Where does this train/bus go?
- (Eh bus/train kithe jandi hai?)
- Where is the train/bus to _____?
- (_____ vaste train/bus kithe khardi hai?)
- Does this train/bus stop in _____?
- (Kee eh train/bus_____ khardi hai?)
- When does the train/bus for _____ leave?
- (_____ vaste train/bus kinne vaje nikaldi hai?)
- When will this train/buss arrive in _____?
- (Eh train/bus_____kadon pohnche gee?)
Directions[edit]
- How do I get to _____?
- (_____pohnchan da kee tareeka hai?)
- ...the train station?
- (...railway staition)
- ...the bus station?
- (...bus adde)
- ...the airport?
- (...airport)
- ...downtown?
- (...main shehr)
- ...the youth hostel?
- (...youth hostel)
- ...the _____ hotel?
- (_____hotel)
- ...the American/Canadian/Australian/British consulate?
- (...amreeki/kanedian/aastrelian,aastreliayi/bartaanvi dootghar?)
- Where are there a lot of...
- (dher saare...kithe ne?)
- ...hotels?
- (...hotel?)
- ...restaurants?
- (...restaurant?)
- ...bars?
- (...bar?)
- ...sites to see?
- (...selaaniyan laee vekhan valiyan thaanvaan?)
- Can you show me on the map?
- (Tusi menoo nakshe te vikhaa deo)
- street
- (gali..)
- Turn left.
- (...khabbe jaao)
- Turn right.
- (...sajje jaao)
- left
- (...khabbe)
- right
- (...sajje)
- straight ahead
- (...sidha)
- towards the _____
- (_____waale paasse)
- past the _____
- (_____langh ke)
- before the _____
- (_____ton pehle)
- Watch for the _____.
- (_____vaste dhiaan dena)
- intersection
- (chaunk)
- north
- (uttar vaale paasse)
- south
- (dakhan vaale paasse)
- east
- (poorab/charhde paasse)
- west
- (pachham/lehnde paasse)
- Go uphill.
- (utte jaao/charhayi charho)
- Go downhill.
- (thalle jao/)
- It is uphill.
- (oh utte vall noon hai)
- It is downhill.
- (oh thalle vall noon hai)
Taxi[edit]
- Taxi!
- (Taxi!)
- Take me to _____, please.
- (menoo lai jaao)
- How much does it cost to get to _____?
- (_____jaan de kinne paise laggan gay?)
- Take me there, please.
- (menoo othe lai jaao)
Lodging[edit]
- Do you have any rooms available?
- (Tuhaade kol koi kamra khaali hai?)
- How much is a room for one person/two people?
- (ikk bande/do bandeyan de vaste kamre laee kinne paise laggan gay)
- Does the room come with ...
- (Kee kamre vich...hai)
- bed sheets?
- (bed diyaan chaadran?)
- a bathroom?
- (gusal-khaana?)
- a telephone?
- (telephone)
- a TV?
- (TV)
- May I see the room first?
- (Main pehle kamra vekhna chaunna (male speech)/chaunni (female speech) haan)
- Do you have anything...
- (Kee tuhaade kol es ton...)
- quieter?
- (ghatt shor vaala)
- bigger?
- (vadda)
- cleaner?
- (saaf)
- cheaper?
- (sasta)
- OK, I'll take it.
- (Theek hai main eh lai lainna (male speech)/lainni (female speech) haan
- I will stay for _____ night(s).
- (Main_____raatan laee rahaan ga(male)/gee(female))
- Can you suggest another hotel?
- (Tusi kise hor hotel baare dass sakde o?)
- Do you have (a) ...? ; (Kee tuhaade kol...)
- safe?
- (paise rakhan vaala dabba?)
- lockers?
- (laaker)
- Is breakfast/supper included?
- (Kee naashta/raat da khana ehde vich shaamal hai?)
- Please clean my room.
- (Please mera kamra saaf kar deo)
- Can you wake me at _____?
- (Tusi menoo_____vaje jaga dena)
- I want to check out.
- (Main paise dena chaunna(male)/chaunni(female) haan)
Money[edit]
- Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars?
- (Kee tusi Amreekan/Australian/Canadain daaler lai lainde o?)
- Do you accept British pounds?
- (Kee tusi bartaanvi pound lai lainde o?)
- Do you accept credit cards?
- (Kee tusi credit card lai lainde o?)
- Can you change money for me?
- (Tusi please mere pehe badal deo)
- Where can I get money changed?
- (Main kithon paise badalvaa sakda(male)/sakdi(female) haan?
- Can you change a traveler's cheque for me?
- (Tusi mere vaaste traveler cheque badal deo)
- Where can I a traveler's cheque changed?
- (Main traveler cheque kithon badalvaa sakda(male)/sakdi(female) haan?)
- What is the exchange rate?
- (Currency rate kee hai?)
- Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)?
- (ATM kithe hai?)
Eating[edit]
- A table for one person/two people, please.
- (1/2 bandeya vaaste ik table)
- Can I look at the menu, please?
- (ki me menu vekh sakda haan? )
- Can I look in the kitchen?
- (ki me rasoighar dekh skada haan?)
- Is there a house specialty?
- ( ethe da kuch khaas hai? )
- Is there a local specialty?
- (...)
- I'm a vegetarian.
- (mein shakahari ha)
- I don't eat pork.
- (me soor da meat ni khanda)
- I only eat kosher food.
- (...)
- Can you make it "lite", please? (less oil/butter/lard)
- (tel ghatt payo)
- fixed-price meal
- (rate fix ha)
- à la carte
- (...)
- breakfast
- (naashtaa)
- lunch
- (...)
- tea (meal)
- (...)
- supper
- (...)
- I want _____.
- (maiN... chahundaa/chahundee haaN)
- I want a dish containing _____.
- (...)
- chicken
- (murgee)
- beef
- (...)
- fish
- (machhee)
- ham
- (...)
- sausage
- (...)
- cheese
- paneer
- eggs
- (anDe)
- salad
- (salaad)
- (fresh) vegetables
- (taaziaaN) sabziaaN
- (fresh) fruit
- (taaze) phal
- bread
- (...)
- toast
- (...)
- noodles
- (noodlaaN)
- rice
- (chaul)
- beans
- (...)
- May I have a glass of _____?
- (...)
- coffee
- (kafee)
- tea (drink)
- (chaah)
- juice
- (...)
- (bubbly) water
- (...)
- water
- (paanee)
- beer
- (...)
- red/white wine
- (...)
- May I have some _____?
- (ki mainooN... mil sakdaa hai?)
- salt
- (namak/loon)
- black pepper
- (kaaLee mirch)
- butter
- (makhaN)
- Excuse me, waiter? (getting attention of server)
- (...)
- I'm finished.
- (...)
- It was delicious.
- (...) bahut swaad si
- Please clear the plates.
- (...)
- The check, please.
- Kirpa karke bill day do
Bars[edit]
- Do you serve alcohol?
- (thusee sharab dindeh hor)
- Is there table service?
- (...)
- A beer/two beers, please.
- (...)
- A glass of red/white wine, please.
- (...)
- A pint, please.
- (...)
- A bottle, please.
- (...)
- _____ (hard liquor) and _____ (mixer), please.
- (...)
- whiskey
- (...)
- vodka
- (...)
- rum
- (...)
- water
- (panni)
- club soda
- (...)
- tonic water
- (...)
- orange juice
- (...)
- Coke (soda)
- (...)
- Do you have any bar snacks?
- (...)
- One more, please.
- Kirpa karke, ik hor
- Another round, please.
- (...)
- When is closing time?
- (...)
Shopping[edit]
- Do you have this in my size?
- (...)
- How much is this?
- ਇਹ ਕਿੱਨੇ ਦਾ/ਦੀ ਹੈ? (ih kinnē dā he?)
- That's too expensive.
- Ih bahut mhainga hai(...)
- Would you take _____?
- (...)
- expensive
- mhaingaa (...)
- cheap
- sastaa (...)
- I can't afford it.
- ihna mhainga main khareed ni sakdaa (...)
- I don't want it.
- main noo ih ni chahidaa (...)
- You're cheating me.
- (...)
- I'm not interested.
- (...)
- OK, I'll take it.
- (...)
- Can I have a bag?
- (...)
- Do you ship (overseas)?
- (...)
- I need...
- Mainu (...) chahida hai
- ...toothpaste.
- (...)
- ...a toothbrush.
- (...)
- ...tampons.
- (...)
- ...soap.
- (...)
- ...shampoo.
- (...)
- ...pain reliever. (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen)
- (...)
- ...cold medicine.
- (...)
- ...stomach medicine.
- (...)
- ...a razor.
- (...)
- ...an umbrella.
- (chhattri)
- ...sunblock lotion.
- (...)
- ...a postcard.
- (...)
- ...postage stamps.
- (...)
- ...batteries.
- (...)
- ...writing paper.
- (...)
- ...a pen.
- (...)
- ...English-language books.
- (...)
- ...an English-language newspaper.
- (...)
- ...a Punjabi-English dictionary.
- (...)
Driving[edit]
- I want to rent a car.
- (...Main ek car kiraye te laiṇā chāhun'dā(male) / chāhun'dī(female) hān) ਮੈਂ ਇੱਕ ਕਾਰ ਕਿਰਾਏ ਤੇ ਲੈਣਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ(male) / ਚਾਹੁੰਦੀ(female) ਹਾਂ।
- Can I get insurance?
- (kee manu bīmā mil sakdā hai?) ਕੀ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਬੀਮਾ ਮਿਲ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ?
- stop (on a street sign)
- (ruko) ਰੁਕੋ
- one way
- (...ek taraf) ਇੱਕ ਤਰਫ਼
- yield
- (rāh di'ō) ਰਾਹ ਦਿਓ
- no parking
- (aithē gaḍī'ān khaṛī'ān karnī'ān manāh han) ਐਥੇ ਗੱਡੀਆਂ ਖੜੀਆਂ ਕਰਨੀਆਂ ਮਨਾਂ ਹਨ
- speed limit
- (...)
- gas (petrol) station
- (petrol pump) ਪੈਟਰੋਲ ਪੰਪ
Authority[edit]
- I haven't done anything wrong.
- meh koi galth kum nehi kitha
- It was a misunderstanding.
- Eh ik bhulekha see
- Where are you taking me?
- Mainu kithe lai ke chale ho?
- Am I under arrest?
- Ki meh griftaar ha?
- I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen.
- Mah American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen ha
- I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate.
- Meh American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate nal gal karni choundah ha
- I want to speak to a lawyer.
- meh vakeel deh nal gal karna choundah ha
- Can I just pay a fine now?
- Meh jarmana hun deh sakdah ha?