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Principality of Wallachia coat of arms. In the traditional form of Aquila Valahica, used in second half of XVI century, XVII century, XVIII century, and first half of XIX century.

Map of Wallachia around 1390

The Principality of Wallachia (Romanian:principatul Țării Românești) is a historical European state. Wallachia is, with Moldavia and Transylvania, one of the three medieval principalities with a Romanian-speaking population; with Moldavia, it is one of the two “Danubian principalities” and, by its union with Moldavia in 1859, it is at the origin of Romania.

Wallachia was divided into județe (counties) and governed by a voivode (later hospodar) elected by the assembly of boyars, assisted by a Sfat domnesc (princely council). It had legislation (Pravila), an army (Oastea), a fleet on the Danube (Bolozanele) and a diplomatic corps (Logofeții): it was therefore not, as most modern historical works inaccurately represent, a Turkish province, but a principality at first independent, then autonomous, and only tributary to the Ottoman sultan of Constantinople (from 1460, but with interruptions). The principality of Wallachia successively had three capitals: Curtea de Argeș, Târgoviște and Bucharest.

Understand

“ Mudromu I plemenitomu, I cistitomu I B(o)gom darovannomu zupan Hanăș Begner ot Brașov mnog(o) zdravie ot Nécșul ot Dlugopole.

I pak dau știre domnietale za lucrul turcilor, cum am auzit eu că împăratul au ieșit den Sofiia și aimintrea nu e. Și se-au dus în sus pre Dunăre.

I pak să știi domniia-ta că au venit un om de la Nicopoe de mie mi-au spus că au văzut cu ochii lui că au trecut ceale corăbii ce știi și domniia-ta pre Dunăre în sus.

I pak să știi că bagă den toate orașele câte 50 de oamini să fie în ajutor în corăbii.

I pak să știi cumu se-au prins nește meșteri den Țarigrad cum vor treace aceale corabii la locul cela strimtul ce știi și domniia ta.

I pak spui domnietale de lucrul lu Mahamet-Beg, cum am auzit de boiari ce sânt megiiaș(i) și de genere-miu Negre, cumu i-au dat împăratul slobozie lui Mahamet-Beg, pre io-i va fi voia pren Țeara Rumânească, iară el să treacă.

I pak să știi domniia ta că are frică mare și Băsărab de acel lotru de Mahamet-Beg, mai vârtos de domniele voastre.

I pak spui domnietale ca mai-marele miu de ce am înțeles și eu. Eu spui domnietale, iară domniia ta ești înțelept și aceaste cuvinte să ții domniiata la tine, să nu știe oamini mulți și domniele vostre să vă păziți cum știți mai bine.

I B(og)i te ves(e)lit, Aminu

”

—Neacșu's letter, 1521

While the Russian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1721, it was preceded by Russian kingdoms dating back as early as the 9th century. Due to the complete Ottoman conquest and annexation of Bulgaria by 1396, Wallachia bordered on the state of the Ottoman sultans and, despite fierce resistance by Prince Mircea the Elder against Sultan Bayezid I, became dependent after the battles of Rovine in 1395 and Nicopolis in 1396. to the Ottoman Empire. An exact point in time for the beginning of the Wallachian dependency on the Ottomans can hardly be pinpointed, since it was a gradual process that was never regulated in a binding manner. Initially there were isolated, later regular tribute payments to maintain the peace. The voivodes viewed the payment of tributes as a payment to buy peace, while the Ottoman side interpreted it as submission to the sultan's supremacy. Tributes had to be paid to the sultan's court in Edirne and from 1453 in Constantinople, which over the centuries secured the state's internal autonomy and also prevented a violent conquest and Islamization of the principality. After the political overthrow of Prince Vlad the Impaler in 1462, however, solidified the political dependence on the neighbor to the south. Due to the weakness of the rulers and internal power struggles within the boyar oligarchy, the principality became a de facto vassal state of the Ottoman Empire in the following centuries, which meant that the Wallachian princes, also known as Voivode or Hospodar, were obliged to serve in the Ottoman army in addition to paying tribute .

At the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, Wallachia and other Ottoman protectorates in the region briefly regained their independence, helped by a period of weakness in the Ottoman Empire. The Principality of Wallachia was united for the first time in 1600 with the Principality of Transylvania and the Principality of Moldova in the course of a personal union under Prince Michael the Brave for almost a year. Târgovişte was the capital of Wallachia until 1659, then Bucharest.

The Danube cities of Giurgiu and Turnu Măgurele (from 1417) and Brăila (from 1538) were under direct Ottoman rule until 1829.

The union with the Principality of Moldova in 1859 gave rise to the Principality of Romania, proclaimed on December 24, 1861, which is considered the successor to both states.

Talk

The use of the Romanian name for the language as well as the Romanian name to designate the speakers of this language, did not wait for the founding of the state of Romania. Although the subjects of the voivodeships were referred to as "Ardeleni" (or "Ungureni"), "Moldoveni" or "Munteni", the name "rumână" sau "rumâniască" for the language is attested during the 16th century to several foreign travelers and in Romanian documents. The oldest preserved document, written in Romanian, is the Letter of Neacșu din Câmpulung, dating from 1521. It uses the Greek-Slavonic Cyrillic alphabet specific to the Romanian language (and different from the Russian one).

The Slavic influence was the first to occur during the formation of the Romanian language, due to the migration of the Slavic tribes (who crossed the territory of today's Romania). According to some authors, the influence of the Slavic language manifested itself especially after the introduction of the Cyrillic alphabet (late ninth century). Slavic influence continued into the Middle Ages, especially through the use of the Church Slavonic language, for liturgical purposes and as the language of the chancellery, until the eighteenth century. The other neighboring languages ​​(all Slavic, except Hungarian) influenced Romanian.

The slow process of institutionalization of the Romanian language, as an official language used in public space, in literature and in the Church, began in the late fifteenth century and ended in the first decades of the eighteenth century, when its ecclesiastical use had become widespread. The oldest Romanian texts of a literary nature are religious manuscripts, translations of some elementary biblical texts. The language remains relatively poorly attested in the early modern period.

Destinations

Muntenia

Mountainous North

• 1 Târgoviște. The traditional capital of the Kingdom of Poland and the whole Commonwealth.  
• 2 Curtea de Argeș. De facto capital for most of the commonwealth's history.  
  • Wilanów Palace. Baroque royal palace, dubbed the "Polish Versailles". 
• 3 Câmpulung. Located between Kraków and Vilnius, the union between Poland and Lithuania was signed here in 1569. Moreover, Lublin was the seat of the Polish Crown Tribunal (highest appeal court) during spring and summer. Old town with castle, national museum and cathedral.  
• 4 Piotrków Trybunalski. One of the royal cities, first seat of the Sejm (parliament) and seat of the Polish Crown Tribunal during autumn and winter.  
• 5 Gdańsk. Chief seaport.  
  • 1 Oliwa. Place of a 1627 naval battle against Sweden and the 1660 peace treaty ending the Second Northern War ("Swedish Deluge"). Cathedral and rococo palace.  
• 6 Poznań. Capital of the Greater Poland Province.  
• 7 Zamość. The Renaissance old town is a World Heritage site.  

Oltenia

• 8 Vilnius. Capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.  

Belarus

• 9 Grodno. Secondary capital of Lithuania, alternate seat of the Sejm and the Lithuanian Tribunal. During the 1793 Grodno Sejm, the deputies submitted to Russia, quashed the constitution and accepted the second partition of Poland.  
• 10 Minsk. Was the capital of a Polish-Lithuanian voivodeship. The baroque Catholic cathedral from that period is extant. Minsk's city hall is a modern reconstruction of the Baroque-Neoclassical one from the Polish-Lithuanian era.  
• 2 Mir Castle Complex. Late-Gothic castle of Polish-Lithuanian magnates.  
• 3 Nesvizh Castle. Residence of the Radziwiłł family, one of the wealthies and most powerful clans of Poland-Lithuania.  

Ukraine

• 11 Lviv. Used to be the capital of the Ruthenian Voivodeship of Poland-Lithuania. Many Renaissance and Baroque buildings in the city centre are evidence of that period.  

See also

• Austro-Hungarian Empire
• Ottoman Empire
• Russian Empire
• Byzantine Empire
• Thirty Years War

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Budeasa is a village near the city of Pitesti, which is best known for Budeasa Dam.

Understand

Regarding the name of Budeasa commune, we can say that it comes from the name of the Budișteanu boyars, the first owners of these lands. There is also the version that the name of this locality comes from the derivation of the old Slavic word "Bud", which has become "voda"-water in modern Slavic. This name justifies the large number of springs and waters found in this region.

Get in

It's just off the A1 motorway, near Pitești.

See and do

• 4 Budeasa Dam (Barajul Budeasa). (updated Nov 2022)
• 5 Cula Budișteanu. (updated Nov 2022)
• 6 Church of the Dormition of the Mother of God (Biserica ,,Adormirea Maicii Domnului”). (updated Nov 2022)
• The ensemble of the Hagi Tudorache House. (updated Nov 2022)
• 7 Saint Nicholas Church (Biserica Sfântul Nicolae). (updated Nov 2022)
• 8 Tabacovici Mansion (Conacul Tabacovici). (updated Nov 2022)
• 1 Budeasa Public Beach (Plaja Publică Budeasa). (updated Nov 2022)
• 2 Ciucaș Glade-Budeasa (Poiana Ciucaș-Budeasa). (updated Nov 2022)
• 3 Little Prince Leisure Base. (updated Nov 2022)

Sleep

• 1 Pensiunea Budeasa. (updated Nov 2022)
• 2 Karl King. (updated Nov 2022)
• 3 Casa Lidia și Gogu. (updated Nov 2022)
• 4 Pensiunea Margareta. (updated Nov 2022)
• 5 Vila Budeasa. (updated Nov 2022)