Pickpockets

Pickpockets steal small items such as passports, mobile phones and wallets from victims' clothing and bags. Pickpocketing is a very old crime that is continually being reinvented, and a hazard in most destinations. After all, almost all tourists and business travellers are likely to be carrying some money and/or valuables. Pickpockets can also exploit travellers' state of confusion and ignorance of local customs.

See crime, theft and common scams for other crimes or schemes against travellers.

Risk factors

There may be pickpockets anywhere, but there are some high-risk places; usually the same as for other crime:

other people who prey on tourists (beggars, touts or prostitutes)
crowded areas, especially places like bus, train stations, shopping and nightlife venues, as there are lots of potential victims, noise provides cover, and the thief can disappear into the crowd easily.
areas where you are obvious, perhaps because you look very different from locals or dress and behave quite differently
areas which draw huge numbers of foreign visitors, such as famous tourist attractions, festivals, or street performances
areas where the local income is low, as a traveler's pocket money may be more than local monthly income.
airports, train stations, hostels and other places where travellers and other people tend to carry a lot of baggage

Traditional open-air markets, especially those selling handicrafts in developing countries, combine many of the above risk factors and are often infested with pickpockets. A more modern place is around ATM's. Someone coming from them has money and an observer can watch where the money is put away.

Psychological experiments have shown that we tend to overestimate our ability to know if we are being pickpocketed. True, if someone approaches you from in front and reaches for your pocket, you can avoid them, but awareness threshold is usually much lower. In a crowd, for instance, your tolerance for being jostled will go up automatically and you will literally not feel it if someone reaches into your pocket. It is possible to cultivate alertness to counteract this, but it takes a real effort. If you are in a high-risk area and are not feeling somewhat jumpy, you probably are not trying hard enough.

Pickpocket techniques

Pickpockets use a variety of techniques, and only some of them are covered here. Their methods and motivations are exhaustively described at Thiefhunters in Paradise.

Easy targets

A skilled pickpocket can hit almost any pocket, but all pickpockets prefer easy targets.

Two adolescents pickpocketing tourists in a pedestrian area — Pickpockets in the act in Colmar, France

Ridiculously easy targets are away from the body where the victim will not feel a thief's touch:

Open bags, especially shopping bags with an interesting store label
Outside pockets on a man's jacket or other loose-fitting outer garment
Outside pockets of a backpack or shoulder bag
A bag or pack left away from you or in an adjoining booth while at a restaurant, internet café, etc.

Other easy targets are pockets that are easy to get at and out of the victim's field of vision:

Rear or thigh pocket of trousers
Anything hanging on your belt, such as a cell phone or fanny pack

Do not carry your wallet, phone, or other valuables in any of these places.

Tools for pickpockets

Pickpockets in many places routinely carry razors for slitting pockets. These may also be used to cut the strap on a purse, shoulder bag, or camera quickly. In some places, pickpocketing can escalate to armed robbery if pickpockets are discovered, although that's not strictly considered pickpocketing. Check the country listings for your destinations.

Thieves may carry fairly long tongs for reaching into purses or pockets. These are not as large and noticeable as a hand reaching for the goods. There are even reports of Chinese pickpockets using chopsticks.

Distraction

Most pickpockets employ some element of distraction. Various things common on the streets of tourist areas can be used:

A prostitute offers services and often keeps touching you
A seemingly drunk, unwashed person grabs your arm and tries to talk to you
Street musicians
Street magicians
Insistent begging or peddling

Other things can be used as deliberate set-ups:

Someone passes by you and "accidentally" drops money
Some people begin a loud argument or fight (often staged)
A "beware of pickpockets" sign so everyone in the area reaches for their wallets to make sure it is still there, enabling the pickpockets to find out where people's wallets are.
A street child flashing something in your face
A beggar comes toward you with one hand beneath a newspaper or magazine
A man "tackles" you, asking if you play football
Someone sprays you with ketchup or some other substance. A "helpful" stranger, often an older lady, appears with a damp cloth ready to help clean you up. The damp cloth provides cover for prying hands and the ketchup is a great excuse to pat down obvious places on your body for money. If you are sprayed with anything while walking down a street, don't stop; keep right on going and refuse any offers of assistance.
Fake drownings have been used to get people away from their valuables on some beaches.
Peddlers that initiate an argument about change and steal the money from your wallet in meantime

Use common sense if you are confronted with a distraction. For example, no children typically approach strangers unless coached to do so by an adult. Fights and arguments are best avoided anywhere. Also, a person who finds or drops money on the street isn't going to offer it to you.

Pickpockets are not always subtle. Often, pickpockets use an element of physical force. For example, pickpockets might walk straight at and barge past the person they are stealing from and use physical contact as a distraction to take a purse or similar valuable item.

Pickpockets work in teams

Pickpockets often work in teams. For example, getting on a crowded bus, the one ahead of you may create a delay so the one behind can get your wallet. One may distract the victim's attention while the other reaches into a pocket on the other side. The loot may be immediately handed off to a third player, so even if you grab the actual thief, there is no evidence, and the item is lost. Pickpocket teams typically include both genders and both young and older people. Anyone can be a pickpocket, even women, children (even toddlers), elderly people or other tourists.

More brazen pickpocket teams will work with 4 people who swarm from different directions to block you briefly. The person behind you then suddenly bumps or jostles you while reaching into your pocket and handing off what is found to another person. If you sense this happening soon enough, jumping and/or turning back in the opposite direction may get you out of the trap.

Protecting yourself

The basics of protecting yourself are common sense:

Leave the valuables and money you don't need at your hotel room, preferably in a safe.
Go through your wallet before travelling and remove unnecessary items, such as local ID cards, driver's licenses if you aren't driving, and the like. The fewer things you have to replace if stolen the better.
Know and avoid the most dangerous areas.
Be alert, especially in crowded spaces or when people invade your personal space.
Stash valuables in hard-to-reach places. (See following sections.)
Do not carry more cash than you are likely to need.
Carry money and passport in separate places, so that losing one doesn't mean losing the other as well.
Wear packs in front of you, not at the rear or side.
Deep-front trouser pockets offer more protection than back pockets, but be aware that experienced pickpockets can even get into zippered front pockets.
Inside jacket pockets offer even better protection, especially if they are zippered.
Dress inconspicuously so as not draw attention to yourself as a "rich foreigner."
Attach your wallet to a chain. Better yet, ditch the wallet entirely and use a money clip, or just fold the bills into your pocket.
Get a money belt and wear it underneath your clothes. Keep your passport and extra money in there. Even if someone knows you are wearing it, they will be hard-pressed to get at it without your noticing.
Use luggage locks to lock the zippers on your backpack together so pickpockets cannot open the zips. Most zippers on backpacks will have holes or other places that a luggage lock can be fed through.
Consider taking a page from the thieves' book and use distraction. Carry a cheap wallet with a few small bills in it in an obvious place like your hip pocket. This may decoy pickpockets' attention away from your real stash.

Above all, do not flash your valuables around unnecessarily. An expensive watch on your wrist or fancy camera around your neck is quite a temptation to someone whose annual income may be less than its price.

Catching pickpockets

Every second counts. As soon as you sense something is "off", get away from the area immediately. For example, an old lady carrying a sack suddenly stops directly in your way. Or a youngster sprays ketchup on you. Both are likely setups for pickpocket teams. Doing something unexpected (jumping, backing up and going the opposite direction or picking up your pace to get away) may be enough to get you away from the pickpocket's reach.

Learn "Thief!" in the language of your destination and be prepared to yell it if you notice a pickpocket at work. When confronted, most pickpockets will fling their booty to the ground and attempt to make their escape. It's probably best to let them go, as they may be armed, and you don't want to get charged with assault or harassment yourself.

In most cases, in a crowded environment, the people around will co-operate with you to at least attempt to catch the thief and report the loss to police and act as a witness. In some places, the crowd may take justice into their own hands, brutally.

In countries with notoriously corrupt police, avoiding confrontation with thieves is strongly advised. They know the language, the system, and the police much better than you do. They may be part of a gang with connections you cannot fight.

Money belts and pouches

There are many ways to stash your money and passport where it will be quite a bit more difficult to grab it.

Separate your money. Carry a small-change purse or keep a small amount of money in a pants pocket, for small transactions like buying a bus ticket or an ice cream. Put larger bills somewhere else. Many experienced travellers have 3 to 5 wallets with their money split so that if one or two get stolen, it does not cause too much trouble.

Many urban outfitters or mountaineering shops sell a money belt that you wear under your pants. These are typically nylon and have many pockets, so you can have cash, travellers cheques and passport separated. This is probably your most secure option, since it is hard for a thief to reach and is in a sensitive area of the body; you are quite likely to notice someone touching you there. The only disadvantage is that some people find them inconvenient to access. The luxury versions of money belts have straps with sewn-in wires (or the whole belt is made of this material) and all connections are made of steel and are not easy to open. So it's not possible to cut these straps or snatch away the belt. However, you may want to avoid models that contain metal parts, since they will cause problems at security checkpoints.

Several companies offer underwear or other clothing with hidden pockets for sale via the net. The Clever Travel Companion sells men's and women's underwear with secret, zipper closed pockets. Also they sell t-shirts and tank tops with built in pockets to hide valuables. The pockets can carry passports, money, credit cards, and even cell phones. It would be extremely difficult for a thief to steal from your undergarments without you noticing.

Another type of money belt is just a zipper sewn onto the inside surface of an ordinary belt. These are OK for money, but it is too small for a passport. They can be bought in some travel-oriented shops or are easily made. Use a nylon zipper; metal will cause problems at airport security.

Many travellers use a passport pouch hanging under their shirt. Again, this is a sensitive area of the body; you will likely notice activity there. Make sure it has a secure strap and be careful not to wear it on the outside of your clothing, where it would be an easy snatch-and-run target. Some pouches have a second strap that goes around your chest; with these it's not possible for the thief to snatch-and-run. Some travellers find the presence of anything around their neck to be a danger in itself, however. Others use a leg pouch worn under the pants or sometimes on the upper arm under a shirt.

In Africa it is quite common for women to store money and even cell phones in their bras. Again, you will certainly notice someone touching you in this area, and it's directly in your line of sight as well.

Some travellers use a drawstring shoe bag. These are cheap and are difficult for a thief to get into if the string is drawn tight. Also, the drawstring can be tied around your wrist when at a table to protect against snatch-and-run thieves. Some contain inner pockets, so even if the bag is slashed, your valuables may be protected.

A waist bag is handy for keeping your valuables near you and you can cover it with your clothes.

Defensive tailoring

There are many ways a tailor can make clothing somewhat pickpocket-resistant.

Hong Kong tailors routinely put an extra pocket in a pair of pants, built into the waistband.

Simply adding fasteners (velcro, buttons or zippers) makes picking the pocket harder.

You can have additional pockets sewn into garments in odd places. Some possibilities are the following:

sewing a zipper on the inside of a belt to make a money belt
sewing a long narrow pocket on the inside of a jacket, from high up near the lapel down diagonally to near the hip. Drop your wallet or passport in there and you have to reach in elbow-deep to get it
sewing a pocket on the surface of a backpack that goes nearest your body; nothing lumpy can be carried there, but money or a passport are OK

Some travellers have one garment they use for travelling, such as a jacket for a businessman or a denim vest for a budget traveller, which has extra pockets and they almost never remove it.

For ladies, a cleverly hidden pocket sewn into a wrap-skirt can work well. It is fairly easy to add a secure pocket to a pair of bike shorts or boxer-brief type underthings also.

Emergency money

It is best to leave a small reserve of money (for example, a large-value note) in the unlikeliest of places in case the worst happens. This money could then be used to cover a hotel room, transport, phone calls to your embassy, or something else. Suggestions include inside your sock or your shoe, your bra, paperclipped to your belt, or somewhere equally obscure. Be cautious about money inside a shoe: after a few months of trekking, paper money can disintegrate, so check every day when you are definitely alone.

Leave a credit card at home. Scan both sides of it and leave the information with an emergency contact (e-mailing credit card information, especially to webmail accounts, is not safe).