Almaty is the largest city and the financial and cultural centre of Kazakhstan. It's no longer the country's capital, which is now Astana. But it remains the obvious gateway to visiting this region, as indeed it has been for over a thousand years, standing astride the Silk Road. Just south of the city, snow-capped mountains mark the border with Kyrgyzstan.

The city is modern, laid out on a grid pattern, so if you're going uphill, you're probably going south. It's not a cheap city, but the people are friendly and hospitable; there's also a significant ex-pat community.

Pogulay is a helpful guidebook to the city, printed in English and Russian and sold at newsstands. It's priced at US$3 and covers all the attractions, including photos and descriptions.

There is a helpful 1 Tourist Information Office, 81 Bogenbai Batyr. Daily 08:00-20:00. (updated Aug 2018). The government-run place on Kurmangazy has closed.

Get in

Soviet monument to WWII heroes

See Kazakhstan for information on visas, but most western passport holders don't need a visa for visits up to 30 days. It's also no longer necessary to register, as this is done automatically on arrival at all major entry points into Kazakhstan including Almaty airport. As proof of this, you'll receive a migration card with two stamps in it: for entry and for registration. Don't lose it! If you only get one stamp or hope to stay longer, you'll have to go to the OVIR Registration Dept, see "Cope".

By plane

International flights: the national flag-carrier is Air Astana, with flights around central Asia and the Middle East. Their destinations from Almaty include Antalya, Baku, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing-Capital, Bishkek, Delhi, Dubai-International, Dushanbe, Kazan, Hong Kong, Istanbul-Atatürk, Kiev-Boryspil, Kuala Lumpur, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Saint Petersburg, Seoul-Incheon, Tashkent, Tbilisi and Ürümqi. Other carriers fly direct to Ashgabat, Dubai, Frankfurt, Novosibirsk, Osh, Riga, Samarkand, Sanya and Xian. So most journeys from the west will involve at least one change of flight, Frankfurt and Istanbul usually being the most convenient.

Domestic flights: Kazakhstan is a very big country, so most cities have regular flights to Almaty with Air Astana or SCAT Airlines or both. These include Aktau, Aktobe, Astana, Atyrau, Karaganda, Kokshetau, Kyzylorda, Kostanay, Oral, Pavlodar, Petropavlovsk, Semey, Shymkent, Taraz, Uralsk, Urdjar, Ust-Kamenogorsk and Zhezkazgan.

1 Almaty International Airport (Kazakh: Xalıqaralıq Almatı Äwejayı/Халықаралық Алматы Әуежайы, Russian: Международный Аэропорт Алматы ALA  ^IATA), Ul. Beimbeta Maylina 2 (ул. Беимбета Майлина 2) (15 km northeast of Almaty), ☏ +7 727 2703333 (Flight Information). The airport is small and often quiet, but it doesn't take many flights for it to become congested and slow-moving. Be early, but not more than 3 hours ahead of flight, as you're not allowed into the check-in hall until your desk is open. (updated Sep 2018)

To the city: Buses (which every taxi tout will assure you are not running) are:

Bus 92 runs to Green Bazaar, though it takes a circuitous route through the city and it's quicker to switch to the metro at Raiymbek Batyr.

Bus 79 runs from 200 m outside the airport to Nazarbayev Ave (formerly Furmanov). Bus 86 and 106 also run downtown.

Taxis: order these at the booth in arrivals. It may take 10 min to arrive, but it will be a sensible price, around 1,500 tenge.

Coming back: beware that Aport is a retail and leisure park 10 km west of the city on the road to Bishkek and Taraz. It's a great gift to crooked taxi drivers, who will pretend you directed them here instead of to the airport, and who'll demand ransom to bring you back where you need to be. If you seem to be driving west not north, with road signs for Almaty Arena but not for the airport, then Aport is where he's taking you.

By train

The main long-distance train routes from Almaty are:

• To Astana via Karagandy: six trains a day, the quickest taking 13 hours.
• To Russia: no direct train west, so for Moscow and European Russia change in Astana, or (even dates) in Saratov. For Yekaterinburg or Omsk change in Astana or Petropavl. There is a direct service (even dates) between Almaty and Novosibirsk via Aktogai and Semei.
• To Tashkent alternate days, 16 hours via Taraz and Shymkent.
• To Bishkek is a round-about route changing near Taraz, bus is much better.
• To Urumqi (Wulumuqi) in China, there is at least one train per week (late Saturday night), 30 hrvia Dostyk. A second, Chinese, train may run (Monday morning), 24 hrvia Khorgos, around US$100 and comfortable. For details see Moscow to Urumqi rail itinerary.

All mainline trains run from 2 Almaty-2 Railway Station at the north end of city centre. It's a small-to-medium sized station with marble decor that looks kind of Masonic. There are ticket kiosks, waiting rooms, two cafes, small shops, ATMs and left luggage facilities, but no currency exchange. Outside in the square, where Abylai Khan (in a funky circus-master's top hat) is gesturing towards Delhi, is the stop for Trolleybuses 5 and 6 running downtown. Mango is a small retail mall with a cafe, restaurant and internet cafe. Head west 500 m east along Rayimbek for the Metro station. Head south a block or two on Abylai Khan for more eating places, and currency exchange booths. These have only a 2% spread between "buy" and "sell" rates, far closer than any western exchange, so you're unlikely to find a better deal.

Northbound trains also stop at 3 Almaty-1 Railway Station, 4 km further north in the Turksib district, out towards the airport. A few local trains start from here. Trolleybus 7 runs here from the centre.

By bus

• 4 Sayran Bus Station (Sairan, Междугород автовокзал «Сайран»), Ulitsa Sadovnikov (yлица Садовникова 294) (8 km west of centre on corner of Tole bi and Otegen Batyr, take tram 4). This is the main station for long distance routes. International buses run to Bishkek, Tajikistan, Novosibirsk and Urumqi in China. Daily buses to Taraz, Shymkent, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Astana, Türkestan, Karaganda and Balkhash. (updated Aug 2018)
• 5 Sayakhat Bus Station, Rayimbek Prospekt (1 km east of Almaty-2 railway station). It's still there, just about, although the upper half fronting onto Rayimbek is demolished and boarded up. Enter 100 m north via Suyumbai however, and the lower half remains active, with a small terminal building, toilets, and a few kiosks. Marshutkas run from here to the north and east of Almaty, also to Talgar, Esik, Kegen and Narynkol. You can reach eastern Kyrgyzstan that way, via Karkara, though there's not much traffic on that route. Just beyond Narynkol is the border with China, but there's no crossing point. (updated Sep 2018)

China

Sleeper buses leave Urumqi at 18:00 daily except Saturday and take 24 hours to reach Almaty. Tickets for a lower bed are ¥420, upper beds are ¥400, and a berth in the back bed of the bus is ¥380. Buses depart from the international area of Nianzigou Bus Station (碾子沟客运站), 50 m to the left of the main station (as you look towards the front) on the other side of the Wenshabao (温莎堡) building. Beware that the border crossing at Khorgos (霍尔果斯) is closed on Chinese national holidays, including the first week of October for National Day.

Buses also run from Yining, 100 km east of Khorgos, taking 10 hours to Almaty, fare US$30 or ¥150. They run two or three times a week, ask the bus drivers at Yining for times. Local buses also run from Yining to Khorgos (¥30-38), from where you can walk across into Kazakhstan. A taxi onward to Almaty might charge 3,000 tenge and take 4-6 hr. Tacheng (Qoqek) further north also has buses to Almaty several times a week.

Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan

From Bishkek: Minibuses run to Almaty Sayran station from Bishkek's western bus station, fare about 500 som and taking 5 hours including the border crossing. In the station at Bishkek, first locate the minibus stand with "Almaty" signed above it: buy your ticket from the "Kassa" right there, and keep it until journey's end when you've reclaimed your bags. (August 2018, the stand indications were ignored so you had to look around for minibus 100 to Almaty, and you paid the driver directly). The Korday border crossing into Kazakhstan is only 15 km north of Bishkek. Each passenger and the minibus must clear the border individually, so you'll have to get out and lug your own bags across. First the Kyrgyz border people give you an exit stamp. Cross the border bridge over Chu River, and fill out the Kazakhstan migration card: name, nationality, reason for visit - and sign it. You'll normally get two stamps on the migration card, ie both entry and registration (as described earlier) - safeguard this card as carefully as your passport. Then go and clear customs and that's it. The whole process takes about 10 minutes while the bus often needs longer. So stay patient and find your bus either via its number on your ticket or by watching where the other people from your bus go. Once into Kazakhstan, the minibus will drive on for an hour then take a rest stop at a gas station.

From Almaty: Minibuses depart from Sayran bus station and cost 1,800 tenge. Journey as above in reverse, except that once you've crossed into Kyrgyzstan, you're so close to Bishkek that you might choose to leave the bus, and take a local taxi or marshrutka onward.

Get around

The city is laid out on a modern grid-pattern, and "up" usually means south, towards the mountains. However it's a gentle gradient, and in places the gradient east is similar. By day you can reality-check against the position of the sun, but at night or on dull days you could do with a compass to avoid tramping the wrong way. The other difficulty for visitors is the changed street names. Ask a local, who'll remember the old name that's in your guidebook.

By Metro

The Metro has a single line. The northern terminus is on Raiymbek Batyr east of Almaty-2 railway station. The line runs south to Abay, then turns west along Abay to Moskva Station just short of Altynsarin Ave.

The Metro is open from 06:00-24:00. The Metro is safe and guarded by police at all times. A single trip costs 80 tenge, regardless of length of trip. The tickets are plastic yellow tokens, buy them at machines or booths ("kassa") within the stations. Contactless payment at the gates is also possible by Mastercard, Visa or Union Pay. There are no day tickets or similar deals for visitors, but for frequent travellers there are rechargeable multi-trip smart cards.

The Metro stations starting from the north are:

• 1 Raiymbek batyr (Russian: Райымбек батыра, Kazakh: Райымбек) (For Almaty-2 railway station & Sayakhat bus station).  
• 2 Zhibek Zholy-Dostyk (Russian: Жибек Жолы) (for Ascension Cathedral & Kazakh-British Technical University).  
• 3 Almaly (Russian: Алмалы) (For Hotel Almaty, Opera & Ballet House).  
• 4 Abay (Russian:Абая, Kazakh:Абай) (for Kazakh National Agrarian University & State Academic Russian Drama Theatre).  

Here the line turns west and runs beneath Abay Avenue to:

• 5 Baikonur (Russian:Байконур, Kazakh: Байқоңыр) (For Sport Palace/Central Stadium).  
• 6 Auezov Theater (Russian: Театр имени Мухтара Ауэзова, Kazakh: Мұхтар Әуезов атындағы театры) (For Auezov Theatre, Circus, Rahat Palace Hotel & Kusteyev Fine Arts Museum).  
• 7 Alatau (Russian: Алатау).  
• 8 Sayran (1 km south of Sayran bus station).  
• 9 Moskva.  

Further extensions will serve the northern and western burbs, with little relevance to visitors until the airport is linked.

By buses, and trolleys

There is an extensive network of buses and trolleybuses in the city. The fare is universal, 80 tenge. Buses that go through the outskirts of the city or to places like Medeu cost 150 tenge. You need to touch a prepaid yellow transport card "Onay" to a smart-card contactless reader inside every vehicle or pay the conductor at entrance. Make sure that you have the correct change; you won't please the conductor by giving her notes. Younger conductors speak a bit of English and are more than happy to help point you in the right direction and tell you about where to get off or connecting buses.

In Sept 2018 a new bus terminal is nearing completion at the corner of Rayimbek and Zheltoksan. It's not known which services will eventually use it: for the moment it's just acting as a parking lot for the green city buses.

By taxi

There are both official and informal taxis. Official taxis can be booked in advance and normally show up rapidly. The fare difference between official and unofficial taxis may vary up to 3 times. Just raise your hand and a car will eventually stop. You should negotiate the price and direction in advance. Normally the fare varies from 200-1,000 tenge depending on the remoteness of the area. These are really efficient, and, although it takes a bit of getting used to, it is the perfect solution to getting around. Nevertheless, single travellers should be aware of muggings late at night. Avoid cars with more than one male occupant at night. Usually a car will stop within 30 seconds to 3 minutes of having your hand out. If the driver does not wish to drive to your destination, no problem. The next one will stop a minute or two after. You will need the name of your destination street and the nearest cross street, in Russian, in order to get to where you want to go. Very few people speak or understand even basic English. It is necessary to have small money. Usually drivers avoid giving change, so it is better to have the exact amount in hand.

By bike

There is a city bike scheme, with pick-up/drop-off stations dotted around. Almost every bike store rents bikes, thus just ask in your hotel for a bike store. The prices are 2,000 tenge for a day and 2,500 tenge for 24 hr.

See

Churches

Zenkov's Cathedral

Central Mosque of Almaty

• 1 Ascension Cathedral (Zenkov's Cathedral, Voznesenskiy sobor Zenkova, Свято-Вознесенский собор Зенкова), Kazybek Bi St (In Panfilov Park, Metro Zhibek Zholy). Closed. Completed in 1907, it is the second-tallest wooden building in the world. It's closed for restoration, probably until the end of 2018, with services continuing in the adjacent chapel. (updated Sep 2018)
• 2 Holy Kazan Cathedral (Svyato-Kazanskiy Sobor, Свято-Казанский собор), Khaliullina str (Халиуллина) 45a (By jcn of Tatibekova St, 3 km northeast of Rayimbek Metro). Small, brightly painted Russian Orthodox Church. (updated Sep 2018)
• 3 St Nicholas Cathedral (Никольский собор.), Ulitsa Baytursynov (3 blocks north of Baykonur Metro, next to Nikolsky Bazaar.). Was built in 1909. It was used as a barn for Soviet cavalry horses but was eventually restored and reopened as a church in 1980. Main entrance is west side from Baytursnov, but there's also a little gate from the park just south. (updated Sep 2018)
• 4NOT EXISTING LISTING IMAGE Central Mosque of Almaty (Мечети города Алматы), Ul. Pushkin (ул. Пушкина), 16 (Metro: Raiymbek batyr), ☏ +7 727 397 760, info@meshit.kz. Spacious decorated interior. (updated Sep 2018)
• 5 Sophia Cathedral (Софийский собор/Sofiyskiy sobor, Свято-Богоявленский храм), Ulitsa Sadovnikov (Садовникова улица), 196., ☏ +7 727 225 0313. Tranquil monastery compound centred on the cathedral, plus small chapels. (updated Sep 2018)

Museums

• Akhmet Baytursynov Memorial Museum (Ахмета Байтурсынов дом-музей), Baytursynov 60 (3 blocks north of Baikonur metro). Daily 09:00-18:00. Akhmet Baytursynov (1873-1937) was a Kazakh intellectual active in politics, poetry, linguistics and education, so inevitably he was shot during Stalin's "Great Purge". The museum is becoming crumbly. (updated Aug 2018)
• Museum of Archaeology (Музей Археологии АН Казахстана), Ulitsa Kaldayakov (near Dostyk Ave). M-F 09:00-18:00. Mammoths, dinosaurs and similar. (updated Aug 2018)
• 6 Museum of Rare Books (Сирек кездесетін кітаптар мұражайы), Ulitsa Shevchenko 28 (2 blocks north of Abay metro). The guided tour is recommended, not clear what languages are available. 100 tenge. (updated Aug 2018)
• Geology Museum (Геологический Музей Республики Казахстан), 85 Dostyk Ave. M-F 10:00-17:00. Small museum of Kazakhstan's rich geology. (updated Aug 2018)
• 7 A. Kasteyev Art Museum (Республиканский музей изобразительного искусства им. А. Кастеева.), Ulitsa Satpaev (Metro Auezov Theater). Tu-Su 10:00-18:00. Huge collection spanning Oriental, Russian and Kazakh arts. The Stakhanovite scenes from Stalin's era are fascinating. 300 tenge. (updated Sep 2018)
• 8 Central State Museum (Центральный государственный музей РК), Prospekt Nazarbaeva (formerly Furmanov) (Opposite Presidential Palace, Metro 'Abay'), ☏ +7 727 264 2680. W-M 09:30-17:30. Blue-roofed. Features displays on Kazakh history, from prehistoric times through the Mongol periods to the present. Guided tours in English (and other languages) are available if you call the museum ahead of time to reserve. Adult 500 tenge. (updated Aug 2018)
• 9 Museum of Kazakh Musical Instruments (Республиканский музей музыкальных инструментов им. Ыкыласа.), Zenkov St (South of Gogol near Heroes Memorial Park). Tu-Su 10:00-19:00. Small museum with fine traditional facade; exhibits have descriptions in Kazakh, Russian and English. 500 tenge. (updated Aug 2018)
• 10 Railway Museum (Алматинский железнодорожный музей.), Nazarbaeyev 127 (Metro Almaly). Small museum about the railways in Kazakhstan. (updated Aug 2018)
• 11 M. Auezov Literature Memorial House (Дом-музей писателя М. Ауэзова), Tulebaev street 187 (Opposite Abay metro). Daily 10:00-17:00. Mukhtar Auezov (1897-1961) was a distinguished Soviet / Kazakh playwright and novelist; he lived here for his last ten years. Atmospheric, but you'll need decent Russian to glean much. He's also commemorated further down the boulevard by the Auezov Theatre. 50 Tenge. (updated Aug 2018)

Others

• 12 Heroes Memorial Park, Between Kunaev St, Gogol St, Zenkov St and Kazybek Bi St (Metro 'Zhibek Zholy' station in the nearby). Honors the men and women from Kazakhstan who died on the battlefields of the WWII against the Nazis. There is an eternal flame by the war memorial where schoolchildren put flowers on the last day of school, and newlyweds also come to have their photos taken there. In the park is an Orthodox church built from 1904-1907, painted in dollhouse colors with a metallic steeple. You can often hear beautiful singing inside. 
• 13 Presidential Palace, Furmanov St (ул. Фурманова), 205. You will not be allowed to go inside. Nonetheless, the scenery and architecture is breathtaking. If the guards are out front, it means the president is there. 
• 14 Republic Square (New Square, пл. Республики). Former administrative center. Since the capital was moved to Astana, this square has been renovated. TV stations occupy some buildings. There are flower gardens. There is also a Kazakh memorial, consisting of a tall statue of the golden boy, an early Kazakh figure, whose name is Altyn Adam, and circled by metal bas relief panels recounting the history of Kazakhstan, from the time of the fierce Amazon-like queen, to independence 10 years ago.  

Do

Medeu Ice-skating

• 1 Panfilov Park (City center, surrounded by Gogol, Zenkov, Kazybek and Kunaev streets). Stroll this agreeable park, featuring Soviet-era architecture, Zenkov cathedral (which is closed), and World War II monuments that are popular for wedding photographs. (updated Sep 2018)
• 2 Arasan Baths, Kunaev St 75. Tu-Su 08:00 - 24:00. A large public bathing complex with a magnificent Samarkand style domed pool. The perfect place to spend a few hours relaxing. Due to its cold and windy conditions, visiting saunas with friends is very popular in Kazakhstan. Saunas (Russian "banyas") are an excellent place to discuss business issues or just socialize with friends. Having parties (birthdays, New Year, etc.) in saunas is normal practice. In fact many modern saunas in Almaty are fully equipped with karaoke, billiards, swimming pools, relax rooms, massage rooms, etc. 
• 3 Kazakhstan English Language Theater, Ave Abay 2 or 30? (on the campus of KIMEP Institute in the heart of Almaty, Moscow Subway Station a couple meters away), kzkelt@gmail.com. Started in 2001, the Kazakhstan English Language Theater (KELT) is the only English language theater in former Soviet Central Asia. KELT does two shows a year, and runs English language theater classes and workshops periodically throughout the year. 
• Mountains: see section below for access and amenities. One easy option is to ride the 4 Cable car to Kok-Tobe. The base station is by the corner of Abay and Dostyk. Single 1,000 tenge. (updated Sep 2018)
• Film Festival: the first was on 15-19 Sept 2018, with the intention of holding it annually, but 2019 dates have not yet been announced. There is also a separate Indie film festival, next held 1-7 July 2019.
• Watch football ie soccer at FC Kairat, who play in the Premier League, the top tier of football in Kazakhstan. Their home ground is Central Stadium, capacity 24,000, on Abay Ave (Metro Baikonur / Stadion).

Mountains

• Route P22 (Dulati Street, becomes Svezhest St) runs south up the valley of River Bolshaya Almatinka. Along this route are Kok-Tobe, Tau Spa Centre, Alma-Arasan and Big Almaty Lake:
• Kok-Tobe is the top station of the cable car. Great views of the mountains, vineyards, and city. Buy souvenirs and have a cup of hot chocolate at a table under the shadow of the TV tower or take a ride on an unpowered roller coaster.
• 1 The Grill (On top of the hill at Kok-Tobe. Take the cable car up.). In a picturesque setting overlooking Almaty. You are perched over the city on a wooden verandah (some parts nice & shady) and it is an awesome setting. The beers are a bit pricey, but the shashliks are awesome and a few drinks here is a must-do experience. (updated Sep 2018)
• Tau Spa. Relax at this mountain spa, worth a visit summer or winter. Try the plunge pool at -15 degrees C! 
• 5 Big Almaty Lake is a scenic lake at 2,510 m altitude, surrounded by high mountains. It glistens like a mirror, changing colour with the season (a deep turquoise in autumn), and freezing in winter. Towering over it to the south east is Soviet Peak (4,317 m), to the south Ozerniy (4,110 m), and to the southwest Tourist Peak (3,954 m). Great for hiking and climbing. Getting here and back is obviously easiest by car, otherwise:

Bus 28 runs from the roundabout at Al-Farabi and Navoi up Dulati St and ends at the last left turn before Alma-Arasan. Taxis here will take you to within 4 km of the lake for around 2,000 tenge. Otherwise it's a 15 km hike and 1,000 m rise of altitude: think about the weather and the coming back. Follow the road about 8 km until you reach a big water pipe, and then follow the steep trail next to the water pipe.

Or take a taxi all the way from Al-Farabi and Navoi.

• Dostyk Ave south becomes Gornaya St which climbs the valley of River Pravy Esentai. Along this valley are Medeu Ice Rink, Ile-Alatau National Park, and Chimbulak Ski resort. A bus runs up to Chimbulak from the corner of Satpaev and Baitursynuly daily at 08:00.
• 6 Medeu Ice Skating (Take Bus 6 in front of Hotel Kazakhstan on Dostyk Ave every 20 min). The world's highest Olympic-sized ice stadium. More than 180 world records were made on this ice. Fun to visit in winter. Skate rentals are available. Tipsy teenagers teeter across the ice, coloured lights and loud pop music create a slightly surreal, but fun ambience. There is also a large mountain-water swimming pool just below the ice rink, open in summer. The water is extremely invigorating, about 15°C. 
• Ski & Snowboard at Chimbulak, Ak-Bulak and Tabagan ski resorts, open Nov-April, lifts closed Tuesday. And hike anytime, beyond the resort up to the dam and then the glacier: tough but beautiful.

Buy

US$1 equals about 359 tenge and 1 Euro about 435 tenge (Aug 2018). As a comparison (2011): a Snickers bar was 80 tenge; a can of Coke 70 tenge; a cheese pizza at il Patio about 1,200 tenge; a cinema ticket for a movie about 1,000 tenge; a 10 minute taxi trip about 300-400 tenge; cigarettes, 50-150 tenge; vodka 500+ tenge; beer 500 ml 120+ tenge; a litre of juice around 150 tenge. Beef, 900-1,500 tenge a kilo; pork 800 tenge a kilo; horse meat, 1,500 tenge a kilo. A loaf of bread, 40-70 tenge. A 2-bedroom modern apartment about US$1,000 a month. Clothing is expensive unless buying knock-offs at Baraholka. (Green Market is relatively expensive.)

Good buys:

• Handmade carpets
• Felted goods. Handmade dolls, rugs, and slippers made with boiled lamb's wool and natural dyes
• Handcrafted metal jewelry, including a "tumar", which is a pendant that opens like a locket
• Handcrafted leather chess sets in a leather folding case with a board pattern stitched on. In most souvenir shops, and on ground floor of Silk Way (Zhybek Zholy and Furmanova).

Banks

• 1 Kaspi Bank, Sharipov St 90. 

Markets, Shops

• 2 Arbat (Zhybek-Zholy "Silk Road"). Almaty's artist's row on a tree-lined pedestrian street. "Arbat" is a nickname of the street. On the same street you can visit the big mall - TsUM (in Russian - ЦУМ - Центральный Универсальный Магазин). At the east end of this pedestrian street there is the Silk Way Mall. Here you can find Wi-Fi Internet access at Cafemax on the second level (500 tenge for 100 min) and a selection of upscale shops. Most of these shops are imitations of Western chain stores such as Zara. They also imitate Western prices. 
• Barakholka. Cheap shopping at a large vendor-style market, find name brands (knock-offs) for cheap. You can find virtually anything there, and if the price isn't right, you can easily haggle with the merchants. You want to find a US$300 winter coat for about US$45? It's possible. Be wary of pick-pocketing. 
• 3 Green Market (Zelyoni Bazaar), Zenkov Street (M: Zhibek Zholy (Жибек Жолы)). Extensive market in a big lime-green concrete building. Fresh vegetables, dairy products, and meat, as well as clothing and other non-food household items. Fruit and vegetables are on the lower level. On the upper level you will find dried fruits, nuts, spices, honey and plants, as well as cheese and meat - you'll smell the meat counters long before you see them. Seasonal prices, relatively expensive by Central Asia standards, and don't plan on taking food items home or across any other border. And beware pickpockets! (updated Sep 2018)

Supermarkets

Almaty has many modern supermarkets, offering everything from a bakery section to toiletries and vodka. Any food you could possibly want to find is readily available. There are four major supermarket chains: Ramstore, SM-Market, Gros, and City. And plenty of single supermarkets and small local grocery shops. The chain called "Gros" has convenient locations around town and a good selection of drinks and snacks. Ramstore also has at least three locations, but is a bit pricier. The favorite stores among locals are Stolichni (Ablai Khan and Kabanbai Batyr). Super helpful staff and decent fruits and vegetables year around, but vegetable prices are very expensive. Dastarkhan (Gogolya St between Ablai Khan and Furmanova) has excellent baked goods, especially cakes and cookies.

• 4 Ramstore Atrium Supermarket Trade Center (Рамстор Атриум), Ul. Raiymbek Nauryzbai Batyr (Райымбек даңғылы) (Metro: Raiymbek batyr), ☏ +8 727 244-6556, fax: +8 727 244-6530. Daily 09:00-23:00. International retail store chain. 

Shopping Centers

• 5 Passage Shopping Center (M: Zhibek Zholy (Жибек Жолы)). 
• 6 Tsum Shopping Center (Centralniy Universalniy Magasin), Abylai Khan Avenue (M: Zhibek Zholy (Жибек Жолы)). Every post-Soviet town has this department store. It's filled with hundreds of identical little counters selling electronic goods on the first floor, and souvenirs and clothes can be found on the second. There is a good selection of souvenirs. One Saturday a month, there is an ad hoc market on Ablai Khan across from the Tsum. Craftsmen from all over come and sell their wares. It's worth checking out. 

Eat

Cheap Kazakh restaurants are all over the place, selling shashlik, soup, salad and others. Fast food places are also everywhere - the local favourite is hamburgers, with sliced kebab meat on a hamburger bun with pickles and garlic sauce.

• Alasha, 20 Ostpanova. Daily 12:00-00:00. Uzbeki restaurant. Brace yourself for being sung at, danced at, and horse meat. (updated Sep 2018)
• China Town (formerly Turandot), Mametova 47 (corner with Abylai Khan). Daily 10:00-00:00. A very cheap and very tasty Chinese eatery. Servings are huge, so don't go overboard. There are plenty of vegetarian dishes to choose from, including tofu dishes. (updated Sep 2018)
• 2 Ciao Pizza, Tole Bi Street 92 / 543 (Next to Kazakh National Medical University). Daily 11:00-00:00. How would the city's young doctors survive without pizza? (updated Sep 2018)
• Crudo Steakhouse, Abaya 17. Daily 12:00-00:00. Steakhouse, mixed reviews on food quality & value for money. (updated Sep 2018)
• Gakku, 7 Nikitina St (Between Nauryzbay Batyr St and Seyfullin Ave). Daily 09:00-00:00. One of the best restaurants serving Kazakh national food for reasonable prices. Try "beshparmak", "kuyrdak" and other traditional dishes. (updated Sep 2018)
• Korea, Baitursynov St 141 (off Satpaev St). M-F 11:00-00:00. May have moved, no recent reviews. Five other Korean restaurants within ten mins walk. (updated Sep 2018)
• Mama Mia's, Gogol St (between Ablai Khan and Panfilova: Metro Zhibek Zholy). Daily 10:00-00:00. Pizza restaurant, but with a large assortment of fresh salads - a good place to go when you tire of carrots and potatoes in winter. Has a small, separate non-smoking section. On a fine day, order pizza to go, get soda & pastries at Dastarkhan opposite, then eat in Panfilov Park 300 m east. (updated Sep 2018)
• Namaste, Satpaeva 30 / 3a (behind Kateyev Museum off Shagabuldinov). One of the more popular Indian restaurants. Service is very slow, but if you have time the food is pretty good. (updated Sep 2018)
• Pirosmani, 32 Ablai Khan (One block south of Rayimbek). Daily 10:00-00:00. Georgian restaurant. Features khachapuri, cheese-filled bread, eggplant stuffed with nuts, spinach with nuts, and various savoury kebabs. Good vegetarian options. (updated Sep 2018)
• Princess, 53 Tulebayeva (Corner of Gogolya, near Panfilov Park). Daily 12:00-00:00. Popular Chinese restaurant. (updated Sep 2018)
• Soho, Kazybek Bi 65 / 107. M-Th 12:00-02:00, F 12:00-04:00, Sa 14:00-02:00. Lunch is a buffet with a nice assortment of breads, soups, salads, and main dishes called a "business lunch" at a reasonable fixed price. Evenings have live music and reasonable drink prices. No entrance fee during the week. Soho is a great place for a single businessman. It is not a very classy joint and is usually packed with Almaty's working women. They have one of the best bands in Almaty and they sing in English. Some of their covers are better than the originals. It's a must-see event. Try making a booking to avoid having to stand at the bar. (updated Sep 2018)
• Tandoor, Tole bi 102. Daily 11:00-00:00. Good-value Indian food. (updated Sep 2018)
• Tyubeteika, 32 Satpaeva. Daily 12:00-00:00. Uzbeki restaurant, gets good reviews. (updated Sep 2018)
• Ultra's, 27a Satpaev (between Baitursynuly St & Seifullin Ave). Fun restaurant with its own microbrewery on site. It is one of the Staut chain. The restaurant has an excellent array of beer, albeit a little costly. (updated Sep 2018)
• Venezia, 87a Dostyk Ave (between Satpaeva and Abaya). 24 / 7. Four pages of choices. The pizza has very good thin crust. The restaurant has two rooms. (updated Sep 2018)
• Zheti Qazyna, 88 Makataev (corner with Ablai Khan Ave). The restaurant with three kitchens: Uzbek, Chinese, European. The Uzbek room has wonderful wood decorations, blue-tiled kitchen you can see into. (updated Sep 2018)

Drink

• Queens Pub (Shevchenko & Seifullin). Modern English pub with live bands and evening shows. 
• Sapphire. Late-night club and restaurant for young people. Basic Chinese menu and live DJ with a dance floor. The main draw here is the shisha, or water pipe. Other places in Almaty also have shisha (fruit-flavoured tobacco, smoked for an hour or two from a hookah), but this is one of the few to use real charcoal and authentic Al Fakher shisha tobacco from UAE. The bar delivers the vodkas pretty promptly too. 
• Barmaglot Bar, 3 Satpaev Ave, ☏ +7 777 825 3030. Tu-Su 17:00-03:00. For evening drinks. (updated Sep 2018)
• Resto Bar 111, Samal-2, Dostyk Ave, ☏ +7 702 777 4111. Daily 12:00-01:00. Gastro-pub, mixed reviews. (updated Sep 2018)
• The Monkey, Dostyk Ave 192/2, 12th floor of business center. Daily 12:00-02:00. Lounge bar & restaurant. (updated Sep 2018)

Sleep

Budget

• Apple Hostel, MAGroup Apartment Building, 145 Kurmangazi St (100 m from metro Auesov Theatre), ☏ +7 775 228 5150, applehostelkz@mail.ru. Has friendly owners, is clean, soft carpet. Kitchen and washing machine available. (updated Aug 2018)
• Hotel Tranzit, 12 Zheltoksan St (just outside Almaty-2 railway station), ☏ +7 727 233 0438. Convenient budget choice with a/c. Doubles from US$24, cash only. (updated Aug 2018)
• Hotel Turkestan, 49 Makataev St (Corner of Almaatinskaya St opposite the Green market), ☏ +7 8727 266 4136, turkistan-hotel@mail.ru. Decent budget choice. Double from US$20. (updated Aug 2018)

Mid-range

• Ata Hotel, 105 Dostyk Ave (West edge of city, 1 km south of metro Abay), ☏ +7 705 874 5322. Edge-of-town hotel & business centre. (updated Aug 2018)
• 1 Astra Hotel, 12 Zheltoksan St (north end, near Almaty-2 train station). Mid-range business hotel, a bit worn and thin-walled, but friendly & very convenient for railway station and much cheaper than the international chains. Single B&B from US$50. (updated Sep 2018)
• Grand Aiser, 1 Pozharskogo St (By Central Stadium, metro Baikonur), ☏ +7 727 396 9999. 3-star, mostly positive reviews. B&B double from US$60. (updated Aug 2018)
• Hotel Almaty, 85 Kabanbai Batyr St (Metro Almaty), ☏ +7 727 272 0047. Central 3-star, generally positive reviews. B&B double from US$70. (updated Aug 2018)
• Hotel Ambassador, 121 Zheltoksan St, ☏ +7 727 250 8989, fax: +7 727 272 6441. Central 3-star, needs repair, creaky and smelly. B&B double from US$40. (updated Aug 2018)
• Hotel Berkana, 83 Aiteke Bi St (corner of Tchaikovsky St), ☏ +7 727 279 8866. Central 3-star. B&B double from US$50. (updated Aug 2018)
• Kazakhstan Hotel, 52 Dostyk Ave (west of centre, metro Abay), ☏ +7 727 291 9600. 4-star in 1977 Soviet block, mixed reviews. B&B double from US$45. (updated Aug 2018)
• 2 Hotel Kazzhol Almaty, 127/1 Gogol St (Metro Zhibek Zholy (Жибек Жолы)), ☏ +7 727 250 5016. Comfy 4-star with restaurant & indoor pool. B&B double from US$60. (updated Aug 2018)

Splurge

• Mercure, 53 Abylai Khan. Chain hotel, central, oasis of calm clean efficiency. B&B singles from US$80. (updated Sep 2018)
• 3 Holiday Inn Almaty, 2d Timiryazev St (Metro Baikonur). Good international hotel next to the government sector. B&B double from US$100. (updated Aug 2018)
• Hotel Dostyk, 36 Kurmankazy St (metro Abay), ☏ +7 727 333 0000, reservation@dostyk.kz. Big, old, and well-maintained hotel in the center of the city. B&B double from US$100. (updated Aug 2018)
• 4 Intercontinental Almaty, 181 Zheltoksan St (Metro Baikonur), ☏ +7 727 2505000. Luxury hotel with 4 restaurants and indoor pool. B&B doubles from US$200. (updated Aug 2018)
• Rahat Palace Hotel (formerly Hyatt), 29/6 Satbaev Ave (metro Alatau), ☏ +7 727 2501234. 5-star hotel with a decent health club. B&B doubles from US$110. (updated Aug 2018)
• Rixos Hotel Almaty, Spara Seyfullina 506/99. 5 star, central. B&B doubles from US$180. (updated Aug 2018)
• Worldhotel Saltanat Almaty, 164 Nazarbayev Ave (formerly Furmanov St) (central, metro Abay), ☏ +7 727 259 0935, info@worldhotelsaltanat.com. Modern 4-star hotel. B&B doubles from US$85. (updated Aug 2018)
• Ritz-Carlton, Esentai Tower, 77/7 Al Farabi Avenue, Almaty, 050040 (southeast edge of city off ring-road), ☏ +7 727 332 8888. Plush 5 star, 3 restaurants, spa & pool. B&B doubles from US$150. (updated Aug 2018)

Connect

Internet

Free wifi is common in hotels but it may be unreliable. Some bars and restaurants offer free wifi.

• Internet (Corner of Baytursnuly & Karasay Batyr, near the OVIR). Eight computers and a telephone service but you can't use USB devices. 240 tenge/hr. 
• Internet (In the underpass of Zhibek Zholy & Tolebaev, near the Silk Way Mall). 240 tenge/hr. 
• Omega Sector BiG Internet Cafe (Corner of Abai & Baytursnuly, near the main station). 200 tenge/hr. 
• Supermarket, Samal-3 micro-district, Online Club (Silk Way City). There is free Wi-Fi inside the supermarket. Best signal is on second floor in the middle. 

Stay safe

Crime

Almaty enjoys a relatively low crime rate and is, generally, a safe place to travel. Use common sense at night, particularly on Friday and Saturday when the youth hit the streets to get drunk, and in some unfortunate cases, look for trouble. You should abstain from any arguments with locals; otherwise you may end up in the hospital. Kazakh people are extremely friendly and welcoming towards foreigners and nothing should happen to you unless you really want it yourself. Never go to places which you don't trust or don't know about, unless you have a local person with you to help out with the language. Racism is a generally of very minor concern although the average visitor is highly unlikely to encounter any problems. You must be always respectful to the country and locals. In this case, you will feel comfortable with anyone.

Driving

Central streets such as Furmanov, Abay, Zheltoksan, Dostyk, and Abylay Khan are strictly regulated and constantly monitored by police officers. Video cameras are installed on 70% of city crossroads. There are some Kazakh drivers who reveal their aggressiveness on the roads. Therefore, it is always best to take great care when crossing the roads.

Emergencies

In the event of an emergency, call:

• 101 Fire
• 102 Police
• 103 Ambulance
• 104 Gas Service
• 112 Emergency rescue

Cope

Registration

Very few western visitors nowadays need to register upon arrival, and for those who do, your hotel will usually sort it for you. But a few will have to attend OVIR in person, eg if you hope to stay longer than 30 days.

2 OVIR (Migration Police) (Corner of Baytursynov & Karasay Batyr St), ☏ +7 727-2544132. M–F 09:00–18:00, Sa 09:00–13:00, Passport collection: 17:00–19:00. Enter the side door through the blue porch and go to Window 3. The building is marked "Migration Police" on Google Maps. You need photocopies of your passport photo-page and your Kazakh visas as well as your accommodation's address. You can drop off your passport (copies not accepted, nor letters from embassies confirming that they are holding your passport) with these documents in the morning, and they will ask you to return later in the day to pick it up. (updated Aug 2018)

Consulates

• China, 12 Baitasov St (east end of Satpaev), ☏ +7 727 2700207, fax: +7 727 2700227. M, W, F, 09:00-12:00. Will only accept visa requests from citizens or residents of Kazakhstan, ie those with a work, student, or residence visa. Non-residents might be able to apply through some of the nearby travel agents, but don't count on it. An urgent visa, issued in 4 days, costs US$ 80. (updated Sep 2018)
• India, 115 Kazyibek Bi (between Seyfullin & Nauryzbai Batyr), ☏ +7 727 3388646, +7 727 3388642. M-F 10:00-15:00. (updated Sep 2018)
• United States, Zholdasbekov Street (Between Nazarbayev and Dostyk). M-F 09:00-18:00. (updated Sep 2018)
• Uzbekistan, 36 Barybayeva (corner with Gogol). M Tu Th F. Immediate pick up with letter of invitation, US$ 75 for EU citizens. Kazakhs only before 12:00, others come at 13:00-13:30 to get listed at 14:00 by the staff, wait around outside. You need 2 copies of your passport, a copy of your Kazakh visa and one photo. (updated Sep 2018)
• Almaty also has embassies or consulates for Australia, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Japan, Lithuania, Switzerland, Tajikstan, Thailand, and United Kingdom. It's not known what services these nowadays provide, since the capital has moved to Astana.

Go next

Sharyn Canyon

• Winter sports & hiking around nearby Chimbulak, Ak-Bulak and Tabagan ski resorts; an easy day-trip.
• Sharyn Canyon (Шарын шатқалы, Шарын каньоны): Canyon 80 km long and as much as 300 m deep, eroded into fantastical shapes, especially along the 3 km stretch known as "Valley of the Castles". It's 200 km east of Almaty towards the Chinese border (follow A351) and often done as a day-trip, but longer tours of the area are recommended. Not far from the "Singing Dunes".
• Astana is the new showcase capital, and while Almaty feels like a Russian city, Astana has more of a mixture of cultures.
• Lake Balkhash is along the road between Almaty and Astana, so you could break the long journey here. Balkhash village (12 hours by bus) has a few hotels. The lake is salty west of here, but fresh to the east where the river flows in from China. It's the closest you'll get to beach action in this very land-locked country.
• Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan is a four drive, see "Get in" for options. From there see Lake Issyk Kul.
• Tamgaly Petroglyphs ("Temple of The Sun"): This UNESCO site is 2-3 hours away by car (170 km west, 30 km past Copa off the road to Bishkek). The petroglyphs range from ancient (3,000 years) to "modern" (75 years), and feature pictures of the Sunman and hunting nomad tribes. There are also several grave sites. Watch out for snakes when it's hot.
• Turgen Gorge. In the national preserve Ile-Alatau, 90 km from Almaty. In the gorge that has a depth of 44 m. you can take pleasure from visiting hot springs, waterfalls, and plenty of forests. Gorge is famous with its waterfalls and relic Chim-Turgen moss fir woods that spread over the ground and create a dense fir-tree carpet.
• Kolsai Lakes. Lakes of amazing beauty about 250 km away from Almaty. The first lake can be reached by car. To see the other lakes you have to hire a horse for about 1,000 tenge. You can stay overnight in a small two storey houses for about 2,000–5,000 tenge per night. The lakes are very clean and you can even drink it. You can see the fish jumping out of it.
• Urumqi in China can be reached by train once or twice a week.