Yunnan (云南; Yúnnán) is a province in southern China, bordering Myanmar (Burma), Laos and Vietnam as well as the Chinese provinces and regions of Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and Tibet.

Regions

Administratively, Yunnan is divided into 16 prefectures. Some of those are autonomous prefectures for various ethnic groups. For the traveller, Yunnan can be divided into seven regions:

Regions of Yunnan

Kunming Prefecture Without a doubt the heart of Yunnan Province. You will likely pass through here during your stay in Yunnan whether or not you want to (not that it is a bad thing!)

Central Yunnan West of Kunming and where the hills start becoming more rugged. This is a very popular region for backpackers. It includes Dali Prefecture and Chuxiong Prefecture.

Eastern Yunnan Filled with the gorgeous scenery of the rolling hills of neighboring Guizhou and Guangxi transforming into the high, hilly plateau of Yunnan. This area includes many tourist sites not regularly visited by backpackers. It includes Zhaotong Prefecture, Qujing Prefecture and Wenshan Prefecture

Southeastern Yunnan Amazingly diverse, in one day you could pass through arid badlands, lush pine forests, barren hills and tropical rainforests. The urban centres in this area of Yunnan are very compact and it is quite easy to get around from city to city to see the sights. It includes Yuxi Prefecture and Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture.

Southern Yunnan Geographically and ethnically part of Southeast Asia, but politically part of China. Jungle covers most of the terrain and this is probably the best region of China to escape the winter. It includes Pu'er and Xishuangbanna, a major tourist area.

Western Yunnan Home to some very rugged, off-the-beaten-path terrain. Once the location of the famed Burma Road, it is now one of China's most alluring destinations. It includes Lincang Prefecture, Baoshan Prefecture, Dehong Prefecture and Nujiang Prefecture.

Northwestern Yunnan A chunk of ancient and historic Tibet within Yunnan's provincial boundaries. Many travelers come here to experience Tibet without having to enter the actual province and follow the road to West Sichuan. You will find towering mountain ranges and fascinating local culture here. It includes Lijiang Prefecture and Diqing Prefecture.

Cities

Old town canals, Lijiang

• 1 Kunming - the provincial capital, nicknamed "Spring City"
• 2 Dali - backpacker central, hippie's heaven; ancient walled city
• 3 Lijiang - ancient town of Naxi Minority, an UNESCO World Heritage site
• 4 Shangrila (formerly Zhongdian) - largely Tibetan, with a famous Buddhist monastery
• 5 Deqin - largely Tibetan, at 3,500 meters, close to Meili Snow Mountain
• 6 Jinghong - center of Xishuangbanna, an area packed with cultural diversity at the edge of Laos and Myanmar
• 7 Ruili - border town, next to Myanmar
• 8 Yuxi
• 9 Wenshan

Other destinations

• 1 Shilin – the Stone Forest, a national park full of spectacular stone pillars carved by erosion
• 2 Three parallel rivers
• 3 Tiger Leaping Gorge
• 4 Lugu Lake

Understand

Its name literally means south of the clouds. The province is one of the most diverse in China. The Northwest of the province is heavily influenced by Tibet, with whom it shares a border, and has a large ethnic Tibetan population. The South is influenced by its proximity to Laos and Myanmar. The province is famed for its multitude of ethnic groups, whose diverse customs can still be seen today. Of China's fifty-five officially recognized ethnic minorities, twenty-five can be found in Yunnan: about one-third of the population is not ethnic Han-Chinese. The region is renowned for its Eighteen Oddities, distinctive traits promoted in tourist materials. While not as numerous as the diaspora from Fujian, Guangdong or Hainan, a significant portion of the ethnic Chinese in Thailand and Myanmar trace their ancestry to Yunnan.

Talk

Yunnan's minority languages enjoy some degree of official recognition. Some official signs in Honghe Prefecture are written in Chinese, Yi (syllabic script), and Hani (Latin alphabet)

As everywhere in mainland China, the official language of Yunnan is Standard Chinese (or Putonghua as it is known). The region is home to a plethora of dialects from Chinese, Tibetan and Thai language families. Yunnan is home to many minority groups who each have their own different language.

Local towns will often have their own version of Mandarin which are sub-dialects of the South-Western dialect of Mandarin common to Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. Despite a heavy accent, the local dialect of Chinese is very similar to Northern Mandarin with only minor regional differences in grammar and pronunciation.

Get in

By train

Until 2003, Kunming was accessible by rail from Hanoi, Vietnam via a narrow-gauge railroad built by the French. The Chinese section of this rail route has since closed for passenger transport, but a new railway along a similar route has been opened in December 2014. One can now travel from Kunming to the border town of Hekou by bus or train (to the Hekou North 河口北 Station); from Hekou you can cross the border to Lao Cai and take the train to Hanoi.

It is also possible to travel from Kunming to Hanoi by train via Nanning, Guangxi. There is a railway from Hanoi to Nanning, and one with some spectacular scenery from Nanning to Kunming.

A railway link to Kunming from Vientiane, Laos was opened in 2023. This train takes about 10 1/2 hours to complete the journey, passing through the popular tourist destinations of Vang Vieng and Luang Prabang, and stopping at Boten and Mohan for Lao and Chinese border formalities respectively.

Another rail route reaches Kunming from central China via Guiyang, Guizhou, and a third one comes South to Kunming from Chengdu, Sichuan. All of these train routes offer spectacular scenery, with long stretches of bridges and tunnels.

By plane

The new airport "Kunming Changshui International Airport", now in service, is 22 km outside the urban area. The subway will be the most convenient way to get downtown for many. Bus services and taxis are also available. Travel times to and from the new airport are longer than they were for the old one.

Kunming has non-stop service from Beijing, Shanghai, Xiamen and other Chinese cities. There are also flights to Southeast Asia — Hanoi, Bangkok, Vientiane (Laotian airlines have an office the Camellia hotel.), Mandalay, Yangon — and some to other Asian destinations such as Seoul, Dhaka and Kolkata.

Bus, by thumb

There are multiple roads from Laos into Yunnan. It's not too hard to hitchhike, but it will take some time because of the often abysmal road conditions and inept drivers. If coming from Luang Namtha, Laos, bus services are available to JingHong in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. From Luang Prabang, Laos, a daily bus leaves at 7:00am for around 400,000 Lao kip. It arrives at the long distance bus station in Kunming very early in the morning the next day (around 5 or 6am depending on the driver). The road conditions on the Laos side both from Luang Namtha and Luang Prabang are at times sketchy and definitely mountainous to cause some people discomfort but get smoother on the China side and are much improved from awhile ago.

From Vietnam, the border crossing is from LaoCai, Vietnam, to HeKou, China. The rail route from HeKou to Kunming remains closed, so the only public transport option is by bus. The ride lasts roughly 10 hours, tickets cost around ¥135 and departure times are as following: 8:45am, 10:50am, 12:30pm, 1:00pm, 5:50pm, 5:55pm, 6:00pm, 6:05pm.

By boat

Golden Peacock Shipping company runs a speedboat three times a week on the Mekong river between Jinghong in southern Yunnan and Chiang Saen (Thailand). Passengers are not required to have visas for Laos or Myanmar, although the greater part of the trip is on the river bordering these countries. Be aware that shipping can be halted when the river levels are too high or too low which is often the case. Due to piracy the transport on the river was closed for some time in late 2011 and early 2012.

Get around

See also: Yunnan tourist trail

By bus

Everything and everywhere is accessible by bus from Kunming. Dali takes about four hours, Lijiang seven, Zhongdian twelve. Generally, the transport network is built as hub and spoke, so the easiest way of getting to a smaller place is to travel to next biggest town near it, change and maybe change again. You can now reach most larger towns in Yunnan by day bus. There are a lot of night bus services as well. There is a large collection of bus schedules, taken at bus stations all around the province, found here.

By plane

Within Yunnan, there are planes to Jinghong, Dali, Lijiang, Zhongdian as well as lesser known destinations such as Dehong, Tengchong, Wenshan and Zhaotong. A new airport of interest to tourists is under construction at Lugu Lake.

By train

Kunming is also the hub of train transport in Yunnan. Day and night trains now go both to Dali and Lijiang. Trains heading to east stops by Stone forest. Otherwise trains are of little importance to tourists inside the province.

By bicycle

See also: Cycling in China

Bicycle touring in Yunnan is a very good way to explore the local landscape and many cyclists from world have done this. The Dian-Zang highway (Yunnan Tibet highway) is one of the best cycling routes in China, and many cyclists gather together to explore the landscape and ethnic minority culture. You can hire bicycles in some cities, like Lijiang and Dali. It is possible to delivery your bike by train (which takes a few days, as it travels as an unaccompanied baggage) or bus.

See

The Stone Forest

• The Caves of the Liujng (Wenshan region)
• The 1 Stone Forest (Kunming region)
• The Earth Forest of Yuanmou
• The colorful karst landscape of Puzhehei in Eastern Yunnan.
• The diversity of minority ethnic groups throughout the province, especially the Yi and Bai in Central Yunnan, Tibetans in Northwestern Yunnan, and southeast Asian ethnic groups in Xishuangbanna. Eastern Yunnan is home to several ethnicities including the Yi, Miao, Yao and Zhuang.

Itineraries

• Around Erhai Lake by electric scooter
• Tiger Leaping Gorge
• Yunnan tourist trail

Do

See Yunnan tourist trail

• Hike into mythical Yubeng in the Three parallel rivers region
• Hike along the Tiger Leaping Gorge on the upper Yangtze river
• Soak in the hot spring waters in Anning 34 km from Kunming or Huangguaqing (黄瓜箐) in Tengchong
• Swim in one of deepest and cleanest lakes of China - Fuxian lake by Yuxi

Buy

• Yunnan stones (云子 Yúnzǐ), Kunming flower and bird market. For the game of Go (围棋 wéiqí). These are the best Chinese stones. They are quite different from Japanese stones, and much cheaper. It is also possible to visit the factory near Kunming. See the Yunzi article on the go players' wiki, Sensei's Library. Boards and bowls are also available. 
• Pu'er tea. Pu'er tea (普洱茶) is a local favorite of Yunnan. 

Eat

Yunnan people eat lots of spicy food, nearly each dish you order in a restaurant is very spicy, so if you don't like spicy food, you should tell the waiter or waitress first, in Mandarin: wo bu chi la (我不吃辣), which means I don't eat spicy food or wo bu xi huan la cai (我不喜欢辣菜), which means I don't like spicy food.

• Guo Qiao Mi Xian (过桥米线), meaning "Crossing the bridge noodles", is a local style of steamy rice noodles with a variety of vegetables, meats, and usually a raw quail egg. The price of Guo Qiao Mi Xian is ¥3-15 or higher, which determines what types of dishes you are given to add to the mix.
• The tofu in Shi Ping county /石屏/ is very famous. The sauerkraut in Xinping county is famous. Xinping is a Yi Nationality Autonomous County in Yuxi city.
• RuBing, Yunnan goat cheese, is one of the two cheeses (the other being Yak cheese) traditionally produced in China. Its quite soft and doesn't taste as strong as Western ones. It is usually served fried with vegetables, mushrooms, or meat.
• LaoNaiYangYu (Grandmother's Potatoes) are another Yunnan favorite. While potatoes are usually called Tudou in the rest of China, Yunnan calls them Yangyu (Yang 洋 is a term often designating imported or foreign things, so supposedly potatoes were called 'yangyu' because they were not originally part of Chinese agriculture and diets but were a food choice adopted from foreigners). Laonaiyangyu are like a spicier version of mashed potatoes with green onions mixed in.
• SuHongDou is a kidney bean dish. The beans are deep fried to the point of being crispy and are a great vegetarian option for any travelers in Yunnan.

A variety of locally grown tropical fruit is available in the southern part of the province.

Drink

• Yak butter tea
• Yunnan coffee
• Puerh Tea
• Yunnan red wines. Some, such as Shangrila brand, are quite good.
• Beer Lao, imported from Laos. Local brands, the usual Chinese brands, and other imports are also available, but Beer Lao is very popular with travellers.
• Sanchi is a famous health drink made from the buds of a plant that is widely grown in Wenshan in Eastern .

Sleep

Accommodation in Yunnan is generally less expensive than in the coastal provinces. As of 2016, in many Yunnan cities a decent hotel room can be found for under ¥100. This usually gets you a basic room with a private bathroom, a desk, an electric tea kettle, a TV set, and free WiFi access.

Stay safe

Keep bags nearby in public places. Like everywhere else, thieves can be a problem. Especially in night buses, one should take care of one's belongings.

Due to rampant drug smuggling, roadblocks are set up throughout motorways and highways among Yunnan, aiming to intercept drug smugglers and mules. Police searches may be lengthy and intrusive (to vehicles), including inspecting everything inside the vehicle, your personal belongings. If suspected, your vehicle may be partially dismantled for inspection, and you may be required to go through X-ray screening.

At regions of Yunnan bordering Myanmar, there may be infrequent cannon shells straying into China due to ongoing civil conflicts within Myanmar. During periods of heightened tension, there may have a larger military presence. Follow the instructions of the military and civil defense services in case of emergencies.

Connect

In an attempt to eradicate fraud via telephone, local police are bulk-blocking telephone numbers and social media accounts, and there are plenty cases of mistaken blocks. Dial +86-0871-63054338 or 96110 to appeal should you are affected by the block.