Brittany (French: Bretagne, Breton: Breizh) is a diverse region in northwestern France and a historic country with a distinct identity, sharing much of its Celtic heritage with Cornwall and Wales.

Departments

The region is subdivided into four administrative departments:

Regions of Brittany

Côtes-d'Armor

Finistère

Ille-et-Vilaine

Morbihan

The department of Loire-Atlantique, which has been in Pays de la Loire since the 1950s, is historically and culturally related to Brittany, and the castle of Brittany's dukes is located in Nantes.

There are two different areas in Brittany, which are culturally different (language, habits, dances, food...):

• the Haute-Bretagne ("Breizh Uhel" in Breton), the eastern part (Ille-et-Vilaine, Loire-Atlantique, eastern Côtes-d'Armor and eastern Morbihan), where the Gallo language is spoken.
• the Basse-Bretagne ("Breizh Izel" in Breton), the western part (Finistère, western Côtes-d'Armor, western Morbihan and the area around Guérande), where the Breton language is spoken.

Cities

The coast at Quiberon, Brittany

Place de la République in Rennes, Brittany

Boats in the harbour at St Malo, Brittany

• 1 Brest
• 2 Lorient
• 3 Quiberon
• 4 Quimper
• 5 Rennes
• 6 Saint-Brieuc
• 7 Saint-Malo
• 8 Vannes
• 9 Vitré

Other destinations

• 1 Carnac — the megalithic menhirs - stones erected by the prehistoric peoples of Brittany
• 2 Lac de Guerlédan — an artificial lake created by EDF, a scenic highlight of interior Brittany
• 3 Côte d’Émeraude — verdant rocky coast stretching from St Malo to St Brieuc - bustling resorts, charming fishing villages
• Pays de Montfort — a natural and hiking destination between Rennes and the forest of Brocéliande
• 4 Monts d'Arrée — a mountainous area in Finistère, with heathland.

Breton islands:

• 5 Batz
• 6 Belle Île
• 7 Bréhat
• 8 Groix
• 9 Hoëdic
• 10 Houat
• 11 Ile-aux-Moines
• 12 Les Sept Îles
• 13 Molène
• 14 Ouessant

Understand

Breton flag

Towards the end of the 4th century, some of the Celtic Britons from what is now Wales and the South-West Peninsula of Great Britain began to emigrate to the Armorican Peninsula. The region received its modern name - Brittany (Breizh in Breton, Bretagne in French) from these settlers. With them they brought their own customs, tradition, and language that were completely different from that of their neighbors.

As a result of their unique cultural identity, Breton history became a long struggle for independence: first from the Franks (5th to 9th centuries), then the Counts of Anjou and the Dukes of Normandy (10th to 12th centuries), and finally from England and France. It became an independent kingdom and then a duchy before being united with the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province governed as if it were a separate nation under the crown.

The Breton people maintain a fierce sense of independence to this day, as displayed by their local customs and traditions. In 1914, over 1 million people spoke Breton which equates to 90% of the population of the western half of Brittany. In 1945, it was about 75%, and today, in all of Brittany, at most 20% of Bretons can speak Breton.

Since the 1970s, a resurgence of the regional identity has happened in Brittany. Breton art, music and culture are recognized across France.

Talk

Bilingual sign in Carhaix

Being a part of France, French is universally spoken and understood by almost all locals in Brittany.

In the western part of Brittany (Basse-Bretagne / Breizh-Izel), many people also speak the Breton language, a Celtic language closely related to Cornish and welsh, more distantly to Irish, and very different from French. While France tried to discourage the use of regional languages, their use is rebounding, bringing a stronger understanding of culture, contributions, and history. Through the local efforts of the Bretons and their Breton language schools (Diwan, Div Yezh, Dihun), children are being taught in the native language while they learn standard curriculum. The schools are supported by worldwide efforts through various groups, including the International Committee for the Defense of the Breton Language.

On the road you may notice signs in both French and Breton.

In the eastern Brittany, the Gallo language is sometimes spoken. That's a langue d'oïl language (like French) and it is influenced by Breton.

Due to its proximity to the British Isles, many people working in the tourism industry can also speak English. Some British and Irish people also live in Brittany, especially in the countryside.

Get in

By ferry

• Channel Islands.

  Jersey and Guernsey to Saint-Malo

• Ireland.

  Cork to Roscoff

• United Kingdom

  Plymouth to Roscoff and Portsmouth to Saint-Malo

Brittany Ferries operates the following regular services:

• Plymouth-Roscoff (Pont-L'Abbé, Pont-Aven, certain winter sailings operated by Bretagne)
• Poole-Cherbourg (Barfleur, Coutances, Normandie Vitesse (BF trading name for Condor Vitesse)
• Portsmouth-St Malo (Bretagne with winter service operated by Pont-Aven)
• Portsmouth-Ouistreham (Caen) (Mont St Michel, Normandie, Normandie Express, refit cover provided by Bretagne)
• Roscoff-Cork (Pont-Aven, occasionally Bretagne)

By plane

There are airports in Brittany:

• 1 Brest Bretagne Airport (BES ^IATA). Ryanair flight from Luton and Dublin, Exeter, Manchester Airport, Southampton, from Paris and some other French towns, mainly with Hop! - Air France)  
• 2 Dinard–Pleurtuit–Saint-Malo Airport (DNR ^IATA). Ryanair flight from Stansted, and Luton in summer  
• 3 Lannion – Côte de Granit Airport (LAI ^IATA). Airlinair flight from Paris Orly (ORY ^IATA)  
• 4 Lorient South Brittany Airport (LRT ^IATA).  
• 5 Quimper–Cornouaille Airport (UIP ^IATA).  
• 6 Rennes–Saint-Jacques Airport (RNS ^IATA). flights from Paris and some other French towns, mainly with Hop! - Air France  
• 7 Saint-Brieuc – Armor Airport (SBK ^IATA). Channel island flights  

The Nantes Atlantique Airport (NTE ^IATA) may also be used along the southern coast or Rennes to/from other European airports and for some transatlantic flights.

By train

The TGV train runs almost hourly from Paris Montparnasse to Rennes, and then Brest, Quimper, Lannion and Saint-Malo. SNCF website

Regional trains also link Rennes to Nantes (via Redon) and Saint-Malo; Quimper to Brest.

By car

The A11, the Océane Route, links Brittany to Paris. A dual carriageway runs from Rennes to Nantes, and there is a motorway from Nantes to Bordeaux and from Rennes to Normandy (A84)

By bus

Bus companies offer bus services from and to all major rail stations in Brittany.

Get around

In Brittany, all roads are free (no tolls).

Trains are an easy way to visit Brittany, except for the center of the peninsula. There is no difference between TGV high-speed train and regional trains (TER) in Brittany: both run at the same speed, and regional trains are usually cheaper and as comfortable as TGVs.

See

• Menhirs and Dolmens Brittany has a large number of megaliths, which simply means "big rocks". These menhirs (standing stones) and dolmens (stone tables) were sites for burials and worship. See some magnificent examples at the bay of Morlaix and the gulf of Morbihan. Museums at Vannes and Carnac detail the archaeological finds made at these sites.
• Gardens Brittany has exceptionally beautiful gardens. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remarkable_Gardens_of_France

Do

• Participate in a fest-noz. Fest-noz (Breton for "night fest") are dancing sessions open to everyone, where people learn to dance traditional dances from Brittany, usually from 6PM to 2AM. It will cost you from nothing to €8 to participate in a fest-noz (most of them have a €6 fee). More globally, Breton people tend to dance when they hear traditional music so you may see people dancing in the street.
• Music festivals. There are plenty of festivals in Brittany, some of which are huge and have an international audience:
  • Les Vieilles Charrues (in July in Carhaix) one of the biggest European festivals
  • Festival interceltique de Lorient (first week of August in Lorient), one of the biggest festivals in the world dedicated to Celtic music, with participants from all of the Celtic nations.

Eat

• Kig ha farz — meat and stuffing
• Coquilles Saint-Jacques — famous in Saint-Brieuc
• Oysters — famous in Cancale
• Crêpes and galettes are among the regional specialties, that you can eat on the numerous crêperies you can find in quite every places.
  • crêpes are made from buckwheat flour (traditionally but rarely in crêperies) or wheat flour, they are eaten on Basse-Bretagne
  • galettes are traditionally eaten in Haute-Bretagne, and are only made of buckwheat flour
    • Galette-saucisse — a grilled sausage rolled onto a fresh galette, traditional snack in Ille-et-Vilaine, you can buy some in markets or at sportive events
    • "Galette complète" — a galette filled with ham, cheese and an egg.
• Tourteaux (large crabs) and spider crabs
• Far breton — cake made with prunes and eggs
• Kouign amann — butter cake, served lukewarm
• Galette — butter sweet biscuit from Basse-Bretagne, not the same as galette from Haute-Bretagne

Drink

• Cider (cidre) — Like Normandy, Brittany is cider country. Much like wine, cider comes in different varieties that are intended for different purposes, so you should pay attention to the following words on the label. Doux indicates a sweet cider, with a strong apple flavour and low alcohol percentage (3% or below), that is best drunk with dessert or by itself. Demi-sec / brut is sharper and fresher, with an alcohol content of between three and five percent. This kind of cider is more common as an apéritif, or as an accompaniment to local cuisine, especially seafood. Unlike in certain other countries, notably the United States, cider in Brittany is always alcoholic and always sparkling (pétillant).
• Perry (poiré) — Similar to cider, but made from pears. Production is considerably limited compared to its apple-based counterpart.
• Chouchen — Breton mead, a sweet alcohol made from fermented honey, water and yeast
• Beer — there is a great variety (some of them are made with sea water)
• Whisky — There are Breton whiskies. Nevertheless, there are better ones in the Gaelic world...
• Kir Breton — the local adaptation of the kir. You pour Breton cider instead of white wine, preferably from the Rance valley. (Kir, for those uninitiated, is blackcurrant liqueur and white wine.)

Stay safe

When swimming in the sea, watch out for rips and undercurrents. Be mindful that the tide can come at a very fast pace so watch out or you might be stranded on an outlying island! Check the tides (marées) in your local tourist office. Ask for a table of the tides.

Go next

• Channel Islands
• Mont Saint Michel - in Normandy, but very close to the Brittany border; monastery and town built on a tiny outcrop of rock in the sand, which is cut off from the mainland at high tide (and then joined to the continent by a light bridge; cars and buses can no longer pass or park near the Mont, but there's a transport system with light buses). It is one of France's major tourist destinations, and as such gets very busy in high season. Check the times of the tides before you visit!